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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded vs EclipseLink with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	14.2	0.074	4.8	0.90	9.5	0.49
Element Collection Test	6.6	0.061	2.1	0.65	4.3	0.36
Inheritance Test	13.6	0.083	4.6	0.82	9.1	0.45
Indexing Test	24.6	0.11	11.1	1.6	17.8	0.87
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	6.8	0.24	4.5	0.91	5.7	0.57
Multithreading Test	38.5	0.10	8.5	2.1	23.5	1.1
All Tests	17.4	0.11	5.9	1.2	11.7	0.64

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.64) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded database (11.7) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded is 18.3 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.10) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded database (38.5) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded is 385 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	6.6	failed	10.2	failed	8.4	failed
Element Collection Test	3.6	0.0007	8.1	failed	5.8	0.0007
Inheritance Test	5.7	failed	8.8	failed	7.2	failed
Indexing Test	5.1	failed	9.5	failed	7.3	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	7.2	failed	9.3	failed	8.3	failed
Multithreading Test	8.1	failed	9.5	failed	8.8	failed
All Tests	6.0	0.0007	9.2	failed	7.6	0.0007

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	1.4	1.2	0.48	failed	0.95	1.2
Element Collection Test	1.3	0.29	0.67	failed	1.0	0.29
Inheritance Test	1.6	0.69	0.61	failed	1.1	0.69
Indexing Test	0.0016	0.0008	0.63	failed	0.32	0.0008
Multithreading Test	0.40	failed	failed	failed	0.40	failed
All Tests	0.96	0.55	0.60	failed	0.80	0.55

DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions). EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 6 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	11.5	failed	2.7	failed	7.1	failed
Element Collection Test	6.9	0.0016	2.7	failed	4.8	0.0016
Inheritance Test	10.3	failed	3.6	failed	6.9	failed
Indexing Test	11.4	failed	4.4	failed	7.9	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.5	failed	1.5	failed	2.5	failed
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	8.7	0.0016	3.0	failed	5.8	0.0016

DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions). EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	4.2	failed	1.3	failed	2.8	failed
Element Collection Test	4.9	0.0006	1.6	failed	3.2	0.0006
Inheritance Test	4.0	failed	1.3	failed	2.7	failed
Indexing Test	7.5	failed	1.9	failed	4.7	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.9	failed	2.0	failed	2.5	failed
Multithreading Test	40.1	failed	13.7	failed	26.9	failed
All Tests	10.6	0.0006	3.7	failed	7.1	0.0006

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	41.4	79.4	41.4	79.4	41.4	79.4
Element Collection Test	23.4	74.5	23.4	74.5	23.4	74.5
Inheritance Test	41.4	75.0	41.4	75.0	41.4	75.0
Indexing Test	48.4	92.9	49.2	94.5	48.8	93.7
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	12.5	60.6	9.4	48.4	10.9	54.5
Multithreading Test	51.9	100	10.3	100	31.1	100
All Tests	36.5	80.4	29.2	78.6	32.9	79.5

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with SQLite embedded is more efficient than DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded in using disk space. Comparing the normalized score of DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded database (32.9) to the normalized score of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (79.5) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with SQLite embedded is 2.4 times more efficient than DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded.

A large gap has been detected when using multithreading with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized score of DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded database (10.3) to the normalized score of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (100) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with SQLite embedded is 9.7 times more efficient than DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	7.6	0.66	3.9	0.90	5.7	0.74
Element Collection Test	4.7	0.070	3.0	0.65	3.8	0.17
Inheritance Test	7.1	0.38	3.8	0.82	5.4	0.53
Indexing Test	9.7	0.058	5.5	1.6	7.6	0.58
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	5.1	0.24	4.3	0.91	4.7	0.57
Multithreading Test	21.8	0.10	10.6	2.1	17.0	1.1
All Tests	9.0	0.22	4.8	1.2	7.0	0.52

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.52) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded database (7.0) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded is 13.5 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.10) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded database (21.8) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded is 218 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

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