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Comparison of EclipseLink with H2 server vs EclipseLink with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 EclipseLink
H2 server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
H2 server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
H2 server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test5.60.0742.50.904.00.49
Element Collection Test4.20.0611.50.652.80.36
Inheritance Test6.60.0832.10.824.40.45
Indexing Test9.70.114.11.66.90.87
Graph (Binary Tree) Test4.70.243.50.914.10.57
Multithreading Test10.20.104.02.17.11.1
All Tests6.80.112.91.24.90.64

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with H2 server is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.64) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 database server (4.9) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with H2 server is 7.7 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.10) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 database server (10.2) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with H2 server is 102 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 EclipseLink
H2 server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
H2 server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
H2 server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test5.5failed8.2failed6.8failed
Element Collection Test3.20.00074.2failed3.70.0007
Inheritance Test4.7failed10.1failed7.4failed
Indexing Test4.4failed9.4failed6.9failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test1.1failed1.9failed1.5failed
Multithreading Test12.2failed15.9failed14.0failed
All Tests5.20.00078.3failed6.70.0007

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 EclipseLink
H2 server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
H2 server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
H2 server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test3.81.21.1failed2.51.2
Element Collection Test4.10.291.1failed2.60.29
Inheritance Test3.20.691.3failed2.30.69
Indexing Test3.00.00088.0failed5.50.0008
Multithreading Test1.1failed1.0failed1.1failed
All Tests3.00.552.5failed2.80.55

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 6 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 EclipseLink
H2 server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
H2 server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
H2 server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test4.5failed2.2failed3.4failed
Element Collection Test3.80.00162.4failed3.10.0016
Inheritance Test4.4failed3.0failed3.7failed
Indexing Test4.2failed3.1failed3.7failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test1.4failed0.79failed1.1failed
Multithreading Test7.8failed2.5failed5.1failed
All Tests4.30.00162.3failed3.30.0016

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 EclipseLink
H2 server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
H2 server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
H2 server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test6.4failed3.1failed4.8failed
Element Collection Test3.00.00061.3failed2.20.0006
Inheritance Test5.6failed2.8failed4.2failed
Indexing Test10.3failed3.8failed7.0failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test1.5failed1.3failed1.4failed
Multithreading Test7.0failed4.9failed6.0failed
All Tests5.60.00062.9failed4.30.0006

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval SizeFew EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 EclipseLink
H2 server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
H2 server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
H2 server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test5.20.663.40.904.30.74
Element Collection Test3.60.0702.10.652.90.17
Inheritance Test4.90.383.90.824.40.53
Indexing Test6.30.0585.71.66.00.58
Graph (Binary Tree) Test2.10.241.90.912.00.57
Multithreading Test7.70.105.72.16.71.1
All Tests5.10.223.81.24.50.52

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with H2 server is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.52) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 database server (4.5) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with H2 server is 8.7 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.058) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 database server (6.3) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with H2 server is 109 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons