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Comparison of EclipseLink with PostgreSQL server vs EclipseLink with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 EclipseLink
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test7.30.0744.20.905.80.49
Element Collection Test3.10.0611.90.652.50.36
Inheritance Test6.90.0835.00.825.90.45
Indexing Test10.00.116.81.68.40.87
Graph (Binary Tree) Test3.50.243.30.913.40.57
Multithreading Test31.80.1014.52.123.11.1
All Tests10.40.116.01.28.20.64

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.64) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with PostgreSQL database server (8.2) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with PostgreSQL server is 12.8 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.10) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with PostgreSQL database server (31.8) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with PostgreSQL server is 318 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 EclipseLink
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test6.8failed17.2failed12.0failed
Element Collection Test0.0260.00070.020failed0.0230.0007
Inheritance Test6.0failed19.7failed12.9failed
Indexing Test5.6failed19.5failed12.6failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test0.47failed0.61failed0.54failed
Multithreading Test13.5failed27.8failed20.6failed
All Tests5.40.000714.1failed9.80.0007

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 EclipseLink
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test55.51.27.8failed31.61.2
Element Collection Test15.40.290.028failed7.70.29
Inheritance Test54.90.6911.5failed33.20.69
Indexing Test0.0770.000810.0failed5.10.0008
Multithreading Test55.3failed12.0failed33.7failed
All Tests36.20.558.3failed22.30.55

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 6 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 EclipseLink
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test6.2failed4.1failed5.1failed
Element Collection Test0.0800.00160.028failed0.0540.0016
Inheritance Test6.4failed6.1failed6.2failed
Indexing Test6.5failed7.0failed6.8failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test0.90failed0.50failed0.70failed
Multithreading Test36.0failed9.1failed22.5failed
All Tests9.30.00164.5failed6.90.0016

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 EclipseLink
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test5.7failed5.7failed5.7failed
Element Collection Test0.0250.0006stoppedfailed0.0120.0006
Inheritance Test5.5failed5.4failed5.4failed
Indexing Test10.4failed10.0failed10.2failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test0.016failed0.013failed0.015failed
Multithreading Test26.3failed16.8failed21.6failed
All Tests8.00.00066.3failed7.20.0006

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval SizeFew EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 EclipseLink
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
EclipseLink
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test16.30.667.80.9012.10.74
Element Collection Test3.70.0700.400.652.10.17
Inheritance Test15.90.389.50.8212.70.53
Indexing Test6.50.05810.71.68.60.58
Graph (Binary Tree) Test1.20.241.10.911.20.57
Multithreading Test32.60.1016.02.124.31.1
All Tests13.10.227.81.210.50.52

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.52) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with PostgreSQL database server (10.5) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with PostgreSQL server is 20.2 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.10) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with PostgreSQL database server (32.6) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with PostgreSQL server is 326 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons