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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of Hibernate with SQLite embedded vs EclipseLink with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	0.083	0.074	1.0	0.90	0.55	0.49
Element Collection Test	0.067	0.061	0.69	0.65	0.38	0.36
Inheritance Test	0.080	0.083	0.99	0.82	0.54	0.45
Indexing Test	0.098	0.11	1.0	1.6	0.55	0.87
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.27	0.24	0.96	0.91	0.61	0.57
Multithreading Test	failed	0.10	failed	2.1	failed	1.1
All Tests	0.12	0.11	0.93	1.2	0.53	0.64

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with SQLite embedded is slightly more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	1.8	failed	1.3	failed	1.5	failed
Element Collection Test	0.0008	0.0007	failed	failed	0.0008	0.0007
Inheritance Test	2.4	failed	1.4	failed	1.9	failed
Indexing Test	1.9	failed	2.3	failed	2.1	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.56	failed	0.88	failed	0.72	failed
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	1.3	0.0007	1.5	failed	1.4	0.0007

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions). EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	1.1	1.2	0.22	failed	0.65	1.2
Element Collection Test	0.39	0.29	failed	failed	0.39	0.29
Inheritance Test	0.53	0.69	0.28	failed	0.40	0.69
Indexing Test	0.0011	0.0008	0.43	failed	0.21	0.0008
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	0.50	0.55	0.31	failed	0.42	0.55

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions). EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 6 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	0.076	failed	0.65	failed	0.37	failed
Element Collection Test	0.0022	0.0016	failed	failed	0.0022	0.0016
Inheritance Test	0.079	failed	0.97	failed	0.53	failed
Indexing Test	0.057	failed	0.54	failed	0.30	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.26	failed	0.42	failed	0.34	failed
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	0.094	0.0016	0.65	failed	0.34	0.0016

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions). EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	0.061	failed	0.91	failed	0.49	failed
Element Collection Test	0.0007	0.0006	failed	failed	0.0007	0.0006
Inheritance Test	0.058	failed	0.90	failed	0.48	failed
Indexing Test	0.079	failed	0.54	failed	0.31	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.24	failed	0.80	failed	0.52	failed
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	0.088	0.0006	0.79	failed	0.40	0.0006

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions). EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	90.2	79.4	90.2	79.4	90.2	79.4
Element Collection Test	82.0	74.5	82.0	74.5	82.0	74.5
Inheritance Test	80.5	75.0	80.5	75.0	80.5	75.0
Indexing Test	93.4	92.9	94.8	94.5	94.1	93.7
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	67.9	60.6	50.9	48.4	59.4	54.5
Multithreading Test	failed	100	failed	100	failed	100
All Tests	82.8	80.4	79.7	78.6	81.2	79.5

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with SQLite embedded is slightly more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in using disk space.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	0.63	0.66	0.81	0.90	0.72	0.74
Element Collection Test	0.092	0.070	0.69	0.65	0.19	0.17
Inheritance Test	0.63	0.38	0.91	0.82	0.77	0.53
Indexing Test	0.42	0.058	0.96	1.6	0.69	0.58
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.33	0.24	0.77	0.91	0.55	0.57
Multithreading Test	failed	0.10	failed	2.1	failed	1.1
All Tests	0.42	0.22	0.86	1.2	0.62	0.52

The results above show that in general Hibernate with SQLite embedded is slightly more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations.

A large performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.058) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.42) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 7.2 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

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The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.