Choose benchmark test, operation and batch mode:

When one or more of the All filters is selected - only average normalized results are displayed. Please read Running and Results for more details.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations per second (higher is better)

 Derby
embedded		H2
embedded		HSQLDB
embedded		SQLite
embedded		DB4O
embedded		ObjectDB
embedded		Derby
server		H2
server		MySQL
server		PostgreSQL
server		ObjectDB
server
DataNucleus2,6672,6672,667 2,957 2,6672,6672,6662,667 
EclipseLink9,38139,27740,727failed  7,8216,2803,34311,404 
Hibernate8,49522,72835,1201,828  7,0404,7463,4348,462 
OpenJPA9,01622,13231,349   7,3794,4763,49910,655 
ObjectDB     200,209    135,581

Performance comparison chart - The Y-Axis represents normalized score in logarithmic scale - higher is better:
JPA performance benchmark comparision Hibernate, EclipseLink, OpenJPA, DataNucleus, ObjectDB

Performance comparison chart - The Y-Axis represents normalized score in linear scale - higher is better:
JPA performance benchmark comparision Hibernate, EclipseLink, OpenJPA, DataNucleus, ObjectDB

Best and Worst JPA/Database Performer in this comparison

The Most Efficient (the Fastest):

1. ObjectDB embedded100
2. ObjectDB server67.7
3. EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded20.3
4. EclipseLink with H2 embedded19.6
5. Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded17.5
6. OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded15.7
7. Hibernate with H2 embedded11.4
8. OpenJPA with H2 embedded11.1
9. EclipseLink with PostgreSQL server5.7
10. OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server5.3
11. EclipseLink with Derby embedded4.7
12. OpenJPA with Derby embedded4.5
13. Hibernate with Derby embedded4.2
14. Hibernate with PostgreSQL server4.2
15. EclipseLink with Derby server3.9
16. OpenJPA with Derby server3.7
17. Hibernate with Derby server3.5

The Least Efficient (the Slowest):

18. EclipseLink with H2 server3.1
19. Hibernate with H2 server2.4
20. OpenJPA with H2 server2.2
21. OpenJPA with MySQL server1.7
22. Hibernate with MySQL server1.7
23. EclipseLink with MySQL server1.7
24. DataNucleus with DB4O embedded1.5
25. DataNucleus with H2 embedded1.3
26. DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded1.3
27. DataNucleus with Derby server1.3
28. DataNucleus with Derby embedded1.3
29. DataNucleus with H2 server1.3
30. DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server1.3
31. DataNucleus with MySQL server1.3
32. Hibernate with SQLite embedded0.91
33. EclipseLink with SQLite embedded0.0000

Problems (Exceptions) in these tests

  • EclipseLink with SQLite embedded
    Local Exception Stack: 
Exception [EclipseLink-3002] (Eclipse Persistence Services - 2.1.1.v20100817-r8050): org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.ConversionException
Exception Description: The object [-1,476,000,000], of class [class java.lang.Integer], from mapping [org.eclipse.persistence.mappings.DirectToFieldMapping[birthDate-->PERSON.BIRTHDATE]] with descriptor [RelationalDescriptor(org.jpab.basic.Person --> [DatabaseTable(PERSON)])], could not be converted to [class java.util.Date].
	at org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.ConversionException.couldNotBeConverted(ConversionException.java:71)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.helper.ConversionManager.convertObjectToUtilDate(ConversionManager.java:761)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.helper.ConversionManager.convertObject(ConversionManager.java:101)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.databaseaccess.DatasourcePlatform.convertObject(DatasourcePlatform.java:157)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.mappings.converters.TypeConversionConverter.convertDataValueToObjectValue(TypeConversionConverter.java:119)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.mappings.foundation.AbstractDirectMapping.getAttributeValue(AbstractDirectMapping.java:675)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.mappings.foundation.AbstractDirectMapping.valueFromRow(AbstractDirectMapping.java:1263)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.mappings.foundation.AbstractDirectMapping.buildCloneFromRow(AbstractDirectMapping.java:1234)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.descriptors.ObjectBuilder.buildAttributesIntoWorkingCopyClone(ObjectBuilder.java:1338)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.descriptors.ObjectBuilder.buildWorkingCopyCloneFromRow(ObjectBuilder.java:1466)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.descriptors.ObjectBuilder.buildObjectInUnitOfWork(ObjectBuilder.java:558)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.descriptors.ObjectBuilder.buildObject(ObjectBuilder.java:502)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.descriptors.ObjectBuilder.buildObject(ObjectBuilder.java:454)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.queries.ObjectLevelReadQuery.buildObject(ObjectLevelReadQuery.java:721)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.queries.ReadAllQuery.registerResultInUnitOfWork(ReadAllQuery.java:723)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.queries.ReadAllQuery.executeObjectLevelReadQuery(ReadAllQuery.java:420)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.queries.ObjectLevelReadQuery.executeDatabaseQuery(ObjectLevelReadQuery.java:1074)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.queries.DatabaseQuery.execute(DatabaseQuery.java:736)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.queries.ObjectLevelReadQuery.execute(ObjectLevelReadQuery.java:1034)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.queries.ReadAllQuery.execute(ReadAllQuery.java:380)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.queries.ObjectLevelReadQuery.executeInUnitOfWork(ObjectLevelReadQuery.java:1112)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.sessions.UnitOfWorkImpl.internalExecuteQuery(UnitOfWorkImpl.java:2909)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.sessions.AbstractSession.executeQuery(AbstractSession.java:1291)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.sessions.AbstractSession.executeQuery(AbstractSession.java:1273)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.sessions.AbstractSession.executeQuery(AbstractSession.java:1247)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.EJBQueryImpl.executeReadQuery(EJBQueryImpl.java:479)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.EJBQueryImpl.getResultList(EJBQueryImpl.java:714)
	at org.jpab.Test.retireveEntities(Test.java:382)
	at org.jpab.Test.doAction(Test.java:251)
	at org.jpab.Runner$RemoveAction.run0(Runner.java:587)
	at org.jpab.Runner$TestAction.run(Runner.java:517)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)