Comparison of DataNucleus with H2 embedded vs Hibernate with HSQLDB server

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	15.2	stopped	8.0	stopped	11.6	stopped
Element Collection Test	9.8	stopped	5.2	stopped	7.5	stopped
Inheritance Test	6.2	stopped	12.0	stopped	9.1	stopped
Indexing Test	16.0	stopped	14.5	stopped	15.3	stopped
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	5.2	stopped	4.6	stopped	4.9	stopped
Multithreading Test	8.0	stopped	0.0000	stopped	4.0	stopped
All Tests	10.1	stopped	7.4	stopped	8.7	stopped

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (8.7) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	3.9	stopped	8.3	stopped	6.1	stopped
Element Collection Test	2.9	stopped	5.8	stopped	4.4	stopped
Inheritance Test	4.1	stopped	12.4	stopped	8.2	stopped
Indexing Test	3.7	stopped	8.5	stopped	6.1	stopped
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.6	stopped	6.7	stopped	5.2	stopped
Multithreading Test	5.6	stopped	10.1	stopped	7.9	stopped
All Tests	4.0	stopped	8.6	stopped	6.3	stopped

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (6.3) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	0.63	stopped	3.6	stopped	2.1	stopped
Element Collection Test	1.7	stopped	3.2	stopped	2.4	stopped
Inheritance Test	0.53	stopped	3.8	stopped	2.2	stopped
Indexing Test	0.63	stopped	2.0	stopped	1.3	stopped
Multithreading Test	failed	stopped	failed	stopped	failed	stopped
All Tests	0.88	stopped	3.2	stopped	2.0	stopped

DataNucleus with H2 embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (2.0) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	7.0	stopped	5.9	stopped	6.4	stopped
Element Collection Test	21.8	stopped	6.2	stopped	14.0	stopped
Inheritance Test	12.2	stopped	6.2	stopped	9.2	stopped
Indexing Test	32.7	stopped	6.9	stopped	19.8	stopped
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	7.0	stopped	3.2	stopped	5.1	stopped
Multithreading Test	failed	stopped	failed	stopped	failed	stopped
All Tests	16.1	stopped	5.7	stopped	10.9	stopped

DataNucleus with H2 embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (10.9) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	1.8	stopped	0.81	stopped	1.3	stopped
Element Collection Test	2.7	stopped	0.25	stopped	1.5	stopped
Inheritance Test	2.1	stopped	0.59	stopped	1.3	stopped
Indexing Test	3.4	stopped	0.57	stopped	2.0	stopped
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	13.5	stopped	26.4	stopped	20.0	stopped
Multithreading Test	failed	stopped	78.6	stopped	78.6	stopped
All Tests	4.7	stopped	17.9	stopped	11.9	stopped

DataNucleus with H2 embedded has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (11.9) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	5.7	stopped	5.3	stopped	5.5	stopped
Element Collection Test	7.8	stopped	4.1	stopped	5.9	stopped
Inheritance Test	5.0	stopped	7.0	stopped	6.0	stopped
Indexing Test	11.3	stopped	6.5	stopped	8.9	stopped
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	7.4	stopped	10.2	stopped	8.8	stopped
Multithreading Test	6.8	stopped	29.6	stopped	20.5	stopped
All Tests	7.4	stopped	9.1	stopped	8.2	stopped

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (8.2) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (5.7) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)