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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of Hibernate with HSQLDB server vs DataNucleus with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Element Collection Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Inheritance Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Indexing Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Multithreading Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
All Tests	stopped		stopped		stopped

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	stopped	0.43	stopped		stopped	0.43
Element Collection Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Inheritance Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Indexing Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Multithreading Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
All Tests	stopped	0.43	stopped		stopped	0.43

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with SQLite embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with SQLite embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	stopped	failed	stopped		stopped	failed
Element Collection Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Inheritance Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Indexing Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Multithreading Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
All Tests	stopped	failed	stopped		stopped	failed

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	stopped	0.025	stopped		stopped	0.025
Element Collection Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Inheritance Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Indexing Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Multithreading Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
All Tests	stopped	0.025	stopped		stopped	0.025

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with SQLite embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with SQLite embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	stopped	0.17	stopped		stopped	0.17
Element Collection Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Inheritance Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Indexing Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Multithreading Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
All Tests	stopped	0.17	stopped		stopped	0.17

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with SQLite embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with SQLite embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	stopped	0.21	stopped		stopped	0.21
Element Collection Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Inheritance Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Indexing Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
Multithreading Test	stopped		stopped		stopped
All Tests	stopped	0.21	stopped		stopped	0.21

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with SQLite embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with SQLite embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with SQLite embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.