Comparison of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded vs DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test		11.1		7.5		9.3
Element Collection Test		8.5		5.9		7.2
Inheritance Test		4.4		8.0		6.2
Indexing Test		11.5		9.2		10.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		8.3		4.9		6.6
Multithreading Test		11.6		0.0000		5.8
All Tests		9.3		5.9		7.6

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.43	4.4		7.5	0.43	6.0
Element Collection Test		3.4		3.5		3.5
Inheritance Test		3.9		6.4		5.1
Indexing Test		3.6		11.2		7.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		3.2		6.9		5.1
Multithreading Test		5.8		10.8		8.3
All Tests	0.43	4.1		7.7	0.43	5.9

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded database (5.9) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded is 13.7 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded database (4.4) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded is 10.2 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	failed	0.39		1.6	failed	0.98
Element Collection Test		0.79		1.9		1.3
Inheritance Test		0.34		1.9		1.1
Indexing Test		0.56		1.8		1.2
Multithreading Test		failed		failed		failed
All Tests	failed	0.52		1.8	failed	1.2

DataNucleus with SQLite embedded has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions). DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.025	6.4		5.1	0.025	5.7
Element Collection Test		12.5		3.3		7.9
Inheritance Test		7.8		6.7		7.3
Indexing Test		19.5		8.0		13.7
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		4.8		2.5		3.7
Multithreading Test		failed		failed		failed
All Tests	0.025	10.2		5.1	0.025	7.6

DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded database (7.6) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded is 304 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded database (6.4) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded is 256 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.17	1.8		0.81	0.17	1.3
Element Collection Test		2.7		0.24		1.5
Inheritance Test		2.1		0.59		1.3
Indexing Test		3.4		0.57		2.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		10.7		17.4		14.1
Multithreading Test		failed		18.6		18.6
All Tests	0.17	4.1		6.4	0.17	5.4

DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded database (5.4) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded is 31.8 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded database (1.8) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded is 10.6 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test		20.5		20.5		20.5
Element Collection Test		25.0		25.0		25.0
Inheritance Test		22.4		23.6		23.0
Indexing Test		22.0		22.0		22.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		8.0		8.0		8.0
Multithreading Test		20.5		20.5		20.5
All Tests		19.7		19.9		19.8

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.21	4.8		4.5	0.21	4.7
Element Collection Test		5.6		2.9		4.3
Inheritance Test		3.7		4.7		4.2
Indexing Test		7.7		6.2		6.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		6.8		7.9		7.4
Multithreading Test		8.7		9.8		9.4
All Tests	0.21	5.9		5.7	0.21	5.8

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded database (5.8) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded is 27.6 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded database (4.8) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded is 22.9 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)