Comparison of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded vs OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test		8.4		8.9		8.6
Element Collection Test		8.8		7.8		8.3
Inheritance Test		4.2		7.1		5.6
Indexing Test		10.4		11.9		11.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		3.7		4.1		3.9
Multithreading Test		8.0		0.0000		4.0
All Tests		7.3		6.6		6.9

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.43	14.6		49.1	0.43	31.9
Element Collection Test		1.4		18.9		10.1
Inheritance Test		2.3		31.6		17.0
Indexing Test		16.4		31.4		23.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		1.3		2.4		1.9
Multithreading Test		18.1		36.7		27.4
All Tests	0.43	9.0		28.4	0.43	18.7

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (18.7) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 43.5 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (14.6) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 34.0 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	failed	0.99		4.5	failed	2.8
Element Collection Test		0.56		3.8		2.2
Inheritance Test		0.52		6.4		3.4
Indexing Test		25.9		44.5		35.2
Multithreading Test		0.59		1.7		1.1
All Tests	failed	5.7		12.2	failed	8.9

DataNucleus with SQLite embedded has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.025	6.5		8.0	0.025	7.3
Element Collection Test		3.3		8.2		5.7
Inheritance Test		2.0		8.6		5.3
Indexing Test		20.7		10.1		15.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		2.4		1.8		2.1
Multithreading Test		5.5		5.6		5.6
All Tests	0.025	6.7		7.1	0.025	6.9

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (6.9) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 276 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (6.5) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 260 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.17	21.2		15.4	0.17	18.3
Element Collection Test		11.0		3.3		7.2
Inheritance Test		18.0		15.8		16.9
Indexing Test		42.0		15.1		28.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		18.4		24.9		21.7
Multithreading Test		9.5		0.0000		4.8
All Tests	0.17	20.0		12.4	0.17	16.2

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (16.2) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 95.3 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (21.2) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 125 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test		100		100		100
Element Collection Test		49.8		49.8		49.8
Inheritance Test		95.0		100		97.5
Indexing Test		100		100		100
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		100		100		100
Multithreading Test		100		100		100
All Tests		90.8		91.6		91.2

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.21	10.3		17.2	0.21	13.8
Element Collection Test		5.0		8.4		6.7
Inheritance Test		5.4		13.9		9.6
Indexing Test		23.1		22.6		22.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		6.4		8.3		7.4
Multithreading Test		8.4		8.8		8.6
All Tests	0.21	9.9		13.4	0.21	11.6

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (11.6) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 55.2 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (10.3) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 49.0 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)