Comparison of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded vs DataNucleus with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	8.4		8.9		8.6
Element Collection Test	8.8		7.8		8.3
Inheritance Test	4.2		7.1		5.6
Indexing Test	10.4		11.9		11.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.7		4.1		3.9
Multithreading Test	8.0		0.0000		4.0
All Tests	7.3		6.6		6.9

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	14.6	0.43	49.1		31.9	0.43
Element Collection Test	1.4		18.9		10.1
Inheritance Test	2.3		31.6		17.0
Indexing Test	16.4		31.4		23.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.3		2.4		1.9
Multithreading Test	18.1		36.7		27.4
All Tests	9.0	0.43	28.4		18.7	0.43

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (18.7) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 43.5 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (14.6) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 34.0 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	0.99	failed	4.5		2.8	failed
Element Collection Test	0.56		3.8		2.2
Inheritance Test	0.52		6.4		3.4
Indexing Test	25.9		44.5		35.2
Multithreading Test	0.59		1.7		1.1
All Tests	5.7	failed	12.2		8.9	failed

DataNucleus with SQLite embedded has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	6.5	0.025	8.0		7.3	0.025
Element Collection Test	3.3		8.2		5.7
Inheritance Test	2.0		8.6		5.3
Indexing Test	20.7		10.1		15.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.4		1.8		2.1
Multithreading Test	5.5		5.6		5.6
All Tests	6.7	0.025	7.1		6.9	0.025

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (6.9) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 276 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (6.5) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 260 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	21.2	0.17	15.4		18.3	0.17
Element Collection Test	11.0		3.3		7.2
Inheritance Test	18.0		15.8		16.9
Indexing Test	42.0		15.1		28.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	18.4		24.9		21.7
Multithreading Test	9.5		0.0000		4.8
All Tests	20.0	0.17	12.4		16.2	0.17

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (16.2) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 95.3 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (21.2) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 125 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	100		100		100
Element Collection Test	49.8		49.8		49.8
Inheritance Test	95.0		100		97.5
Indexing Test	100		100		100
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	100		100		100
Multithreading Test	100		100		100
All Tests	90.8		91.6		91.2

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	10.3	0.21	17.2		13.8	0.21
Element Collection Test	5.0		8.4		6.7
Inheritance Test	5.4		13.9		9.6
Indexing Test	23.1		22.6		22.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	6.4		8.3		7.4
Multithreading Test	8.4		8.8		8.6
All Tests	9.9	0.21	13.4		11.6	0.21

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (11.6) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 55.2 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (10.3) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 49.0 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)