Comparison of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded vs OpenJPA with H2 embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test		9.7		7.7		8.7
Element Collection Test		10.3		7.4		8.9
Inheritance Test		5.2		6.6		5.9
Indexing Test		9.2		8.7		9.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		3.4		2.7		3.0
Multithreading Test		7.5		0.0000		3.7
All Tests		7.5		5.5		6.5

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.43	11.4		46.6	0.43	29.0
Element Collection Test		1.4		33.1		17.3
Inheritance Test		5.6		37.6		21.6
Indexing Test		5.8		39.3		22.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		0.86		0.90		0.88
Multithreading Test		14.0		38.9		26.4
All Tests	0.43	6.5		32.7	0.43	19.6

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (19.6) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 45.6 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (11.4) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 26.5 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	failed	5.7		24.0	failed	14.9
Element Collection Test		3.6		7.1		5.4
Inheritance Test		1.1		9.3		5.2
Indexing Test		14.3		24.2		19.3
Multithreading Test		3.1		7.2		5.1
All Tests	failed	5.6		14.4	failed	10.0

DataNucleus with SQLite embedded has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.025	14.2		11.2	0.025	12.7
Element Collection Test		6.5		15.2		10.9
Inheritance Test		4.0		14.9		9.5
Indexing Test		43.0		16.2		29.6
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		3.3		2.2		2.7
Multithreading Test		8.2		6.3		7.2
All Tests	0.025	13.2		11.0	0.025	12.1

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (12.1) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 484 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (14.2) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 568 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.17	55.8		26.5	0.17	41.1
Element Collection Test		26.3		3.0		14.6
Inheritance Test		26.7		23.0		24.8
Indexing Test		100		13.7		56.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		12.5		40.6		26.5
Multithreading Test		20.9		0.0000		10.4
All Tests	0.17	40.4		17.8	0.17	29.1

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (29.1) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 171 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (55.8) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 328 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test		10.1		10.1		10.1
Element Collection Test		12.3		12.3		12.3
Inheritance Test		11.1		11.7		11.4
Indexing Test		10.9		10.9		10.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		3.9		3.9		3.9
Multithreading Test		10.1		10.1		10.1
All Tests		9.7		9.8		9.8

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.21	19.4		23.2	0.21	21.3
Element Collection Test		9.6		13.2		11.4
Inheritance Test		8.5		18.3		13.4
Indexing Test		34.5		20.4		27.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		5.0		11.6		8.3
Multithreading Test		10.7		10.5		10.6
All Tests	0.21	14.9		16.4	0.21	15.6

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (15.6) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 74.3 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (19.4) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 92.4 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)