Comparison of OpenJPA with H2 embedded vs EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	17.1	27.1	5.8	17.2	11.5	22.2
Element Collection Test	10.9	17.2	4.9	8.2	7.9	12.7
Inheritance Test	14.3	26.7	5.9	11.9	10.1	19.3
Indexing Test	24.4	30.6	13.7	18.6	19.1	24.6
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	6.8	20.0	6.7	15.9	6.7	18.0
Multithreading Test	34.2	32.5	10.2	11.4	22.2	22.0
All Tests	17.9	25.7	7.9	13.9	12.9	19.8

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with H2 embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database.

A large performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (5.8) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (17.2) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 3.0 times faster than OpenJPA with H2 embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	14.6	24.4	27.2	36.0	20.9	30.2
Element Collection Test	0.0046	14.9	4.3	19.1	2.1	17.0
Inheritance Test	0.011	22.8	7.4	40.0	3.7	31.4
Indexing Test	17.0	20.7	35.0	38.7	26.0	29.7
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.0	8.7	1.4	14.2	1.2	11.4
Multithreading Test	18.7	24.2	27.6	28.0	23.1	26.1
All Tests	8.6	19.3	17.1	29.3	12.8	24.3

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with H2 embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (0.0046) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (14.9) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 3,239 times faster than OpenJPA with H2 embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	5.0	2.9	1.1	0.88	3.1	1.9
Element Collection Test	1.7	3.2	1.3	1.4	1.5	2.3
Inheritance Test	2.2	2.6	1.2	1.1	1.7	1.9
Indexing Test	13.8	21.5	23.2	33.3	18.5	27.4
Multithreading Test	1.4	1.1	0.60	0.52	0.99	0.82
All Tests	4.8	6.3	5.5	7.4	5.1	6.9

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with H2 embedded in executing the tested JPA queries.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	10.0	17.9	6.0	7.0	8.0	12.5
Element Collection Test	0.011	14.6	3.8	8.3	1.9	11.4
Inheritance Test	0.046	16.2	5.0	9.7	2.5	13.0
Indexing Test	8.9	12.0	7.0	6.8	8.0	9.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.4	4.7	1.3	3.4	1.9	4.0
Multithreading Test	16.6	24.4	4.3	4.4	10.4	14.4
All Tests	6.3	15.0	4.6	6.6	5.4	10.8

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with H2 embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (5.4) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (10.8) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 2.0 times faster than OpenJPA with H2 embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (14.6) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 1,327 times faster than OpenJPA with H2 embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	18.3	32.3	11.1	20.3	14.7	26.3
Element Collection Test	0.012	14.3	2.9	6.0	1.4	10.2
Inheritance Test	0.030	29.2	6.6	23.9	3.3	26.6
Indexing Test	23.2	55.3	9.7	27.1	16.4	41.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.8	6.8	2.4	14.1	2.1	10.4
Multithreading Test	31.2	52.9	17.3	28.4	24.2	40.6
All Tests	12.4	31.8	8.3	20.0	10.4	25.9

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with H2 embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (10.4) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (25.9) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 2.5 times faster than OpenJPA with H2 embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (0.012) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (14.3) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 1,192 times faster than OpenJPA with H2 embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	27.0	41.4	27.0	41.4	27.0	41.4
Element Collection Test	30.6	46.9	30.6	46.9	30.6	46.9
Inheritance Test	27.0	41.4	27.0	41.4	27.0	41.4
Indexing Test	31.6	48.4	32.1	49.2	31.9	48.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	28.5	28.5	21.4	21.4	24.9	25.0
Multithreading Test	33.9	51.9	9.2	10.3	21.5	31.1
All Tests	29.8	43.1	24.5	35.1	27.2	39.1

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with H2 embedded in using disk space.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	13.0	20.9	10.2	16.3	11.6	18.6
Element Collection Test	2.5	12.8	3.4	8.6	3.0	10.7
Inheritance Test	3.3	19.5	5.2	17.3	4.3	18.4
Indexing Test	17.5	28.0	17.7	24.9	17.6	26.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.0	10.0	3.0	11.9	3.0	11.0
Multithreading Test	20.4	27.0	12.0	14.6	16.2	20.8
All Tests	10.2	20.1	8.8	15.7	9.5	17.9

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with H2 embedded in performing JPA database operations.

A large performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (3.3) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (19.5) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 5.9 times faster than OpenJPA with H2 embedded.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)