Comparison of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded vs OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	27.1	5.2	17.2	4.8	22.2	5.0
Element Collection Test	17.2	2.8	8.2	2.2	12.7	2.5
Inheritance Test	26.7	4.6	11.9	3.2	19.3	3.9
Indexing Test	30.6	7.4	18.6	6.9	24.6	7.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	20.0	0.98	15.9	0.81	18.0	0.89
Multithreading Test	32.5	23.4	11.4	9.1	22.0	16.2
All Tests	25.7	7.4	13.9	4.5	19.8	5.9

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (5.9) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (19.8) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 3.4 times faster than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (0.98) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (20.0) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 20.4 times faster than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	24.4	5.8	36.0	16.1	30.2	10.9
Element Collection Test	14.9	0.013	19.1	8.7	17.0	4.4
Inheritance Test	22.8	5.2	40.0	17.6	31.4	11.4
Indexing Test	20.7	4.8	38.7	18.7	29.7	11.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	8.7	0.27	14.2	0.35	11.4	0.31
Multithreading Test	24.2	11.9	28.0	23.3	26.1	17.6
All Tests	19.3	4.7	29.3	14.1	24.3	9.4

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (9.4) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (24.3) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 2.6 times faster than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (0.013) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (14.9) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 1,146 times faster than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	2.9	failed	0.88	failed	1.9	failed
Element Collection Test	3.2	failed	1.4	failed	2.3	failed
Inheritance Test	2.6	failed	1.1	failed	1.9	failed
Indexing Test	21.5	failed	33.3	failed	27.4	failed
Multithreading Test	1.1	failed	0.52	failed	0.82	failed
All Tests	6.3	failed	7.4	failed	6.9	failed

OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server has failed in 10 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	17.9	4.9	7.0	3.9	12.5	4.4
Element Collection Test	14.6	0.033	8.3	4.6	11.4	2.3
Inheritance Test	16.2	4.8	9.7	4.9	13.0	4.9
Indexing Test	12.0	5.1	6.8	6.0	9.4	5.6
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	4.7	0.57	3.4	0.31	4.0	0.44
Multithreading Test	24.4	22.2	4.4	7.4	14.4	14.8
All Tests	15.0	6.3	6.6	4.5	10.8	5.4

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (5.4) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (10.8) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 2.0 times faster than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (0.033) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (14.6) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 442 times faster than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	32.3	4.6	20.3	5.3	26.3	5.0
Element Collection Test	14.3	0.032	6.0	2.8	10.2	1.4
Inheritance Test	29.2	4.3	23.9	4.6	26.6	4.4
Indexing Test	55.3	8.0	27.1	7.1	41.2	7.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	6.8	0.53	14.1	0.55	10.4	0.54
Multithreading Test	52.9	17.4	28.4	9.1	40.6	13.3
All Tests	31.8	5.8	20.0	4.9	25.9	5.4

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (5.4) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (25.9) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 4.8 times faster than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (0.032) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (14.3) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 447 times faster than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	20.9	5.1	16.3	7.5	18.6	6.3
Element Collection Test	12.8	0.72	8.6	4.6	10.7	2.6
Inheritance Test	19.5	4.7	17.3	7.6	18.4	6.2
Indexing Test	28.0	6.3	24.9	9.7	26.5	8.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	10.0	0.59	11.9	0.50	11.0	0.55
Multithreading Test	27.0	18.7	14.6	12.2	20.8	15.5
All Tests	20.1	6.0	15.7	7.0	17.9	6.5

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (6.5) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (17.9) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 2.8 times faster than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with large transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (0.50) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (11.9) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 23.8 times faster than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)