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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server vs Hibernate with PostgreSQL server

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	5.2	7.1	4.8	3.4	5.0	5.2
Element Collection Test	2.8	2.9	2.2	1.7	2.5	2.3
Inheritance Test	4.6	7.0	3.2	3.6	3.9	5.3
Indexing Test	7.4	9.3	6.9	6.1	7.1	7.7
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.98	3.0	0.81	2.9	0.89	2.9
Multithreading Test	23.4	31.7	9.1	13.9	16.2	22.8
All Tests	7.4	10.2	4.5	5.3	5.9	7.7

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server in persisting JPA entity objects to the database.

A large performance gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (0.81) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (2.9) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 3.6 times faster than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	5.8	5.5	16.1	11.5	10.9	8.5
Element Collection Test	0.013	0.025	8.7	0.017	4.4	0.021
Inheritance Test	5.2	5.2	17.6	14.0	11.4	9.6
Indexing Test	4.8	4.6	18.7	13.3	11.8	8.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.27	0.61	0.35	0.78	0.31	0.70
Multithreading Test	11.9	11.3	23.3	17.0	17.6	14.2
All Tests	4.7	4.5	14.1	9.4	9.4	7.0

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with large retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.017) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (8.7) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 512 times faster than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using graphs of objects with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (0.27) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.61) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 2.3 times slower than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	failed	55.5	failed	6.1	failed	30.8
Element Collection Test	failed	11.0	failed	0.016	failed	5.5
Inheritance Test	failed	52.3	failed	8.7	failed	30.5
Indexing Test	failed	0.050	failed	8.8	failed	4.4
Multithreading Test	failed	55.2	failed	9.2	failed	32.2
All Tests	failed	34.8	failed	6.6	failed	20.7

OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server has failed in 10 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	4.9	5.3	3.9	2.7	4.4	4.0
Element Collection Test	0.033	0.067	4.6	0.026	2.3	0.046
Inheritance Test	4.8	5.4	4.9	3.8	4.9	4.6
Indexing Test	5.1	5.4	6.0	4.3	5.6	4.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.57	1.1	0.31	0.58	0.44	0.82
Multithreading Test	22.2	29.6	7.4	6.3	14.8	18.0
All Tests	6.3	7.8	4.5	2.9	5.4	5.4

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is equivalent to Hibernate with PostgreSQL server in updating JPA entity objects in the database.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.026) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (4.6) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 177 times faster than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (0.033) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.067) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 2.0 times slower than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	4.6	5.3	5.3	4.2	5.0	4.8
Element Collection Test	0.032	0.020	2.8	stopped	1.4	0.0098
Inheritance Test	4.3	5.1	4.6	4.2	4.4	4.6
Indexing Test	8.0	9.5	7.1	6.3	7.5	7.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.53	0.012	0.55	0.012	0.54	0.012
Multithreading Test	17.4	23.3	9.1	21.8	13.3	22.5
All Tests	5.8	7.2	4.9	6.1	5.4	6.6

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slightly more efficient than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server in deleting JPA entity objects from the database.

A large performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (9.1) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (21.8) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 2.4 times faster than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using graphs of objects with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.012) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (0.55) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 45.8 times slower than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	5.1	15.7	7.5	5.6	6.3	10.7
Element Collection Test	0.72	2.8	4.6	0.35	2.6	1.6
Inheritance Test	4.7	15.0	7.6	6.9	6.2	10.9
Indexing Test	6.3	5.8	9.7	7.8	8.0	6.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.59	1.2	0.50	1.1	0.55	1.1
Multithreading Test	18.7	30.2	12.2	13.6	15.5	21.9
All Tests	6.0	12.1	7.0	6.0	6.5	9.1

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server in performing JPA database operations.

A large performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (0.72) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (2.8) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 3.9 times faster than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with large transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.35) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (4.6) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 13.1 times slower than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

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