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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of Hibernate with PostgreSQL server vs EclipseLink with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	7.1	0.074	3.4	0.90	5.2	0.49
Element Collection Test	2.9	0.061	1.7	0.65	2.3	0.36
Inheritance Test	7.0	0.083	3.6	0.82	5.3	0.45
Indexing Test	9.3	0.11	6.1	1.6	7.7	0.87
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.0	0.24	2.9	0.91	2.9	0.57
Multithreading Test	31.7	0.10	13.9	2.1	22.8	1.1
All Tests	10.2	0.11	5.3	1.2	7.7	0.64

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.64) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (7.7) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 12.0 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.10) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (31.7) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 317 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	5.5	failed	11.5	failed	8.5	failed
Element Collection Test	0.025	0.0007	0.017	failed	0.021	0.0007
Inheritance Test	5.2	failed	14.0	failed	9.6	failed
Indexing Test	4.6	failed	13.3	failed	8.9	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.61	failed	0.78	failed	0.70	failed
Multithreading Test	11.3	failed	17.0	failed	14.2	failed
All Tests	4.5	0.0007	9.4	failed	7.0	0.0007

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	55.5	1.2	6.1	failed	30.8	1.2
Element Collection Test	11.0	0.29	0.016	failed	5.5	0.29
Inheritance Test	52.3	0.69	8.7	failed	30.5	0.69
Indexing Test	0.050	0.0008	8.8	failed	4.4	0.0008
Multithreading Test	55.2	failed	9.2	failed	32.2	failed
All Tests	34.8	0.55	6.6	failed	20.7	0.55

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 6 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	5.3	failed	2.7	failed	4.0	failed
Element Collection Test	0.067	0.0016	0.026	failed	0.046	0.0016
Inheritance Test	5.4	failed	3.8	failed	4.6	failed
Indexing Test	5.4	failed	4.3	failed	4.8	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.1	failed	0.58	failed	0.82	failed
Multithreading Test	29.6	failed	6.3	failed	18.0	failed
All Tests	7.8	0.0016	2.9	failed	5.4	0.0016

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	5.3	failed	4.2	failed	4.8	failed
Element Collection Test	0.020	0.0006	stopped	failed	0.0098	0.0006
Inheritance Test	5.1	failed	4.2	failed	4.6	failed
Indexing Test	9.5	failed	6.3	failed	7.9	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.012	failed	0.012	failed	0.012	failed
Multithreading Test	23.3	failed	21.8	failed	22.5	failed
All Tests	7.2	0.0006	6.1	failed	6.6	0.0006

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	15.7	0.66	5.6	0.90	10.7	0.74
Element Collection Test	2.8	0.070	0.35	0.65	1.6	0.17
Inheritance Test	15.0	0.38	6.9	0.82	10.9	0.53
Indexing Test	5.8	0.058	7.8	1.6	6.8	0.58
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.2	0.24	1.1	0.91	1.1	0.57
Multithreading Test	30.2	0.10	13.6	2.1	21.9	1.1
All Tests	12.1	0.22	6.0	1.2	9.1	0.52

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.52) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (9.1) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 17.5 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.10) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (30.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 302 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

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The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.