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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded vs OpenJPA with Derby server

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server
Basic Person Test	0.074	3.1	0.90	2.7	0.49	2.9
Element Collection Test	0.061	2.0	0.65	1.7	0.36	1.8
Inheritance Test	0.083	3.0	0.82	2.3	0.45	2.6
Indexing Test	0.11	4.7	1.6	4.1	0.87	4.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.24	0.71	0.91	0.64	0.57	0.67
Multithreading Test	0.10	6.0	2.1	3.8	1.1	4.9
All Tests	0.11	3.3	1.2	2.5	0.64	2.9

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby server is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.64) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (2.9) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby server is 4.5 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.10) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (6.0) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby server is 60.0 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server
Basic Person Test	failed	0.78	failed	11.6	failed	6.2
Element Collection Test	0.0007	0.0024	failed	1.1	0.0007	0.54
Inheritance Test	failed	0.014	failed	5.0	failed	2.5
Indexing Test	failed	0.62	failed	13.0	failed	6.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	0.065	failed	0.39	failed	0.23
Multithreading Test	failed	1.6	failed	19.0	failed	10.3
All Tests	0.0007	0.51	failed	8.4	0.0007	4.4

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server
Basic Person Test	1.2	29.2	failed	5.5	1.2	17.3
Element Collection Test	0.29	2.2	failed	1.4	0.29	1.8
Inheritance Test	0.69	2.2	failed	1.0	0.69	1.6
Indexing Test	0.0008	2.2	failed	11.7	0.0008	7.0
Multithreading Test	failed	35.5	failed	8.3	failed	21.9
All Tests	0.55	14.3	failed	5.6	0.55	9.9

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 6 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server
Basic Person Test	failed	1.5	failed	4.0	failed	2.8
Element Collection Test	0.0016	0.0081	failed	1.9	0.0016	0.94
Inheritance Test	failed	0.043	failed	3.8	failed	1.9
Indexing Test	failed	1.8	failed	6.8	failed	4.3
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	0.16	failed	0.27	failed	0.22
Multithreading Test	failed	6.9	failed	5.0	failed	5.9
All Tests	0.0016	1.7	failed	3.6	0.0016	2.7

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server
Basic Person Test	failed	1.4	failed	3.7	failed	2.5
Element Collection Test	0.0006	0.0082	failed	1.4	0.0006	0.71
Inheritance Test	failed	0.035	failed	2.5	failed	1.3
Indexing Test	failed	2.3	failed	3.5	failed	2.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	0.13	failed	0.35	failed	0.24
Multithreading Test	failed	3.6	failed	4.0	failed	3.8
All Tests	0.0006	1.3	failed	2.6	0.0006	1.9

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server
Basic Person Test	0.66	7.2	0.90	5.5	0.74	6.4
Element Collection Test	0.070	0.84	0.65	1.5	0.17	1.2
Inheritance Test	0.38	1.1	0.82	2.9	0.53	2.0
Indexing Test	0.058	2.3	1.6	7.8	0.58	5.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.24	0.27	0.91	0.41	0.57	0.34
Multithreading Test	0.10	10.7	2.1	8.0	1.1	9.4
All Tests	0.22	3.9	1.2	4.5	0.52	4.2

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby server is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.52) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (4.2) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby server is 8.1 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.10) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (10.7) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby server is 107 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with Derby server is slower, for instance, when using graphs of objects with large transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (0.41) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.91) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby server is 2.2 times slower than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.