• Benchmark
• Results
• Comparison

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of OpenJPA with Derby server vs Hibernate with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	3.1	0.083	2.7	1.0	2.9	0.55
Element Collection Test	2.0	0.067	1.7	0.69	1.8	0.38
Inheritance Test	3.0	0.080	2.3	0.99	2.6	0.54
Indexing Test	4.7	0.098	4.1	1.0	4.4	0.55
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.71	0.27	0.64	0.96	0.67	0.61
Multithreading Test	6.0	failed	3.8	failed	4.9	failed
All Tests	3.3	0.12	2.5	0.93	2.9	0.53

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby server is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.53) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (2.9) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby server is 5.5 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.098) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (4.7) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby server is 48.0 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	0.78	1.8	11.6	1.3	6.2	1.5
Element Collection Test	0.0024	0.0008	1.1	failed	0.54	0.0008
Inheritance Test	0.014	2.4	5.0	1.4	2.5	1.9
Indexing Test	0.62	1.9	13.0	2.3	6.8	2.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.065	0.56	0.39	0.88	0.23	0.72
Multithreading Test	1.6	failed	19.0	failed	10.3	failed
All Tests	0.51	1.3	8.4	1.5	4.4	1.4

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby server is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.4) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (4.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby server is 3.1 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A large performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with large retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.3) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (11.6) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby server is 8.9 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with Derby server is slower, for instance, when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (0.014) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (2.4) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby server is 171 times slower than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	29.2	1.1	5.5	0.22	17.3	0.65
Element Collection Test	2.2	0.39	1.4	failed	1.8	0.39
Inheritance Test	2.2	0.53	1.0	0.28	1.6	0.40
Indexing Test	2.2	0.0011	11.7	0.43	7.0	0.21
Multithreading Test	35.5	failed	8.3	failed	21.9	failed
All Tests	14.3	0.50	5.6	0.31	9.9	0.42

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby server is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.42) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (9.9) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby server is 23.6 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0011) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (2.2) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby server is 2,000 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	1.5	0.076	4.0	0.65	2.8	0.37
Element Collection Test	0.0081	0.0022	1.9	failed	0.94	0.0022
Inheritance Test	0.043	0.079	3.8	0.97	1.9	0.53
Indexing Test	1.8	0.057	6.8	0.54	4.3	0.30
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.16	0.26	0.27	0.42	0.22	0.34
Multithreading Test	6.9	failed	5.0	failed	5.9	failed
All Tests	1.7	0.094	3.6	0.65	2.7	0.34

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby server is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.34) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (2.7) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby server is 7.9 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.057) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (1.8) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby server is 31.6 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	1.4	0.061	3.7	0.91	2.5	0.49
Element Collection Test	0.0082	0.0007	1.4	failed	0.71	0.0007
Inheritance Test	0.035	0.058	2.5	0.90	1.3	0.48
Indexing Test	2.3	0.079	3.5	0.54	2.9	0.31
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.13	0.24	0.35	0.80	0.24	0.52
Multithreading Test	3.6	failed	4.0	failed	3.8	failed
All Tests	1.3	0.088	2.6	0.79	1.9	0.40

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby server is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.40) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (1.9) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby server is 4.7 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.079) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (2.3) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby server is 29.1 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with Derby server is slower, for instance, when using graphs of objects with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (0.35) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.80) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby server is 2.3 times slower than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	7.2	0.63	5.5	0.81	6.4	0.72
Element Collection Test	0.84	0.092	1.5	0.69	1.2	0.19
Inheritance Test	1.1	0.63	2.9	0.91	2.0	0.77
Indexing Test	2.3	0.42	7.8	0.96	5.1	0.69
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.27	0.33	0.41	0.77	0.34	0.55
Multithreading Test	10.7	failed	8.0	failed	9.4	failed
All Tests	3.9	0.42	4.5	0.86	4.2	0.62

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby server is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.62) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (4.2) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby server is 6.8 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.63) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (7.2) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby server is 11.4 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.