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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of Hibernate with SQLite embedded vs OpenJPA with Derby embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	0.083	4.8	1.0	2.9	0.55	3.9
Element Collection Test	0.067	2.8	0.69	1.9	0.38	2.4
Inheritance Test	0.080	4.1	0.99	2.4	0.54	3.3
Indexing Test	0.098	6.1	1.0	4.1	0.55	5.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.27	1.5	0.96	1.4	0.61	1.4
Multithreading Test	failed	8.7	failed	3.3	failed	6.0
All Tests	0.12	4.7	0.93	2.7	0.53	3.7

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.53) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (3.7) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 7.0 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.098) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (6.1) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 62.2 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	1.8	14.8	1.3	22.6	1.5	18.7
Element Collection Test	0.0008	0.0031	failed	2.3	0.0008	1.2
Inheritance Test	2.4	0.015	1.4	7.0	1.9	3.5
Indexing Test	1.9	11.7	2.3	26.5	2.1	19.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.56	0.93	0.88	1.2	0.72	1.1
Multithreading Test	failed	25.2	failed	28.6	failed	26.9
All Tests	1.3	8.8	1.5	14.7	1.4	11.7

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.4) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (11.7) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 8.4 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with large retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.3) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (22.6) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 17.4 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is slower, for instance, when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (0.015) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (2.4) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 160 times slower than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	1.1	49.7	0.22	9.9	0.65	29.8
Element Collection Test	0.39	2.7	failed	9.6	0.39	6.1
Inheritance Test	0.53	2.3	0.28	1.3	0.40	1.8
Indexing Test	0.0011	7.0	0.43	17.1	0.21	12.1
Multithreading Test	failed	40.9	failed	11.7	failed	26.3
All Tests	0.50	20.5	0.31	9.9	0.42	15.2

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.42) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (15.2) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 36.2 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0011) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (7.0) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 6,364 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	0.076	5.6	0.65	5.2	0.37	5.4
Element Collection Test	0.0022	0.0090	failed	2.2	0.0022	1.1
Inheritance Test	0.079	0.045	0.97	4.6	0.53	2.3
Indexing Test	0.057	6.1	0.54	8.7	0.30	7.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.26	1.6	0.42	0.91	0.34	1.3
Multithreading Test	failed	18.3	failed	4.5	failed	11.4
All Tests	0.094	5.3	0.65	4.4	0.34	4.8

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.34) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (4.8) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 14.1 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.057) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (6.1) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 107 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	0.061	4.2	0.91	4.5	0.49	4.3
Element Collection Test	0.0007	0.0071	failed	1.6	0.0007	0.80
Inheritance Test	0.058	0.035	0.90	3.0	0.48	1.5
Indexing Test	0.079	5.3	0.54	3.6	0.31	4.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.24	0.80	0.80	0.93	0.52	0.86
Multithreading Test	failed	5.7	failed	6.2	failed	6.0
All Tests	0.088	2.7	0.79	3.3	0.40	3.0

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.40) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (3.0) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 7.5 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.061) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (4.2) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 68.9 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	90.2	52.8	90.2	52.8	90.2	52.8
Element Collection Test	82.0	42.4	82.0	42.4	82.0	42.4
Inheritance Test	80.5	44.2	80.5	44.2	80.5	44.2
Indexing Test	93.4	53.1	94.8	54.0	94.1	53.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	67.9	12.8	50.9	9.6	59.4	11.2
Multithreading Test	failed	50.7	failed	9.7	failed	30.2
All Tests	82.8	42.7	79.7	35.5	81.2	39.1

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with SQLite embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby embedded in using disk space. Comparing the normalized score of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (39.1) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (81.2) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 2.1 times more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

A large gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized score of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (12.8) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (67.9) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 5.3 times more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	0.63	15.8	0.81	9.0	0.72	12.4
Element Collection Test	0.092	1.1	0.69	3.5	0.19	2.3
Inheritance Test	0.63	1.3	0.91	3.7	0.77	2.5
Indexing Test	0.42	7.2	0.96	12.0	0.69	9.6
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.33	1.2	0.77	1.1	0.55	1.2
Multithreading Test	failed	19.8	failed	10.9	failed	15.3
All Tests	0.42	8.0	0.86	6.9	0.62	7.4

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.62) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (7.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 11.9 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.63) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (15.8) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 25.1 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.