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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of OpenJPA with Derby embedded vs DataNucleus with DB4O embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	4.8	0.059	2.9	1.3	3.9	0.69
Element Collection Test	2.8	0.045	1.9	1.0	2.4	0.52
Inheritance Test	4.1	0.051	2.4	0.85	3.3	0.45
Indexing Test	6.1	0.080	4.1	2.3	5.1	1.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.5	failed	1.4	failed	1.4	failed
Multithreading Test	8.7	failed	3.3	failed	6.0	failed
All Tests	4.7	0.059	2.7	1.4	3.7	0.71

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.71) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (3.7) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 5.2 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.059) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (4.8) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 81.4 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	14.8	0.0047	22.6	1.8	18.7	0.90
Element Collection Test	0.0031	0.0038	2.3	1.5	1.2	0.77
Inheritance Test	0.015	0.0035	7.0	2.2	3.5	1.1
Indexing Test	11.7	0.0043	26.5	1.8	19.1	0.89
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.93	failed	1.2	failed	1.1	failed
Multithreading Test	25.2	failed	28.6	failed	26.9	failed
All Tests	8.8	0.0041	14.7	1.8	11.7	0.91

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.91) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (11.7) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 12.9 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.0047) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (14.8) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 3,149 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	49.7	failed	9.9	failed	29.8	failed
Element Collection Test	2.7	failed	9.6	failed	6.1	failed
Inheritance Test	2.3	failed	1.3	failed	1.8	failed
Indexing Test	7.0	failed	17.1	failed	12.1	failed
Multithreading Test	40.9	failed	11.7	failed	26.3	failed
All Tests	20.5	failed	9.9	failed	15.2	failed

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 10 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	5.6	0.012	5.2	0.76	5.4	0.39
Element Collection Test	0.0090	0.012	2.2	1.1	1.1	0.53
Inheritance Test	0.045	0.011	4.6	0.81	2.3	0.41
Indexing Test	6.1	0.011	8.7	1.3	7.4	0.64
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.6	failed	0.91	failed	1.3	failed
Multithreading Test	18.3	failed	4.5	failed	11.4	failed
All Tests	5.3	0.012	4.4	0.97	4.8	0.49

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.49) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (4.8) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 9.8 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (6.1) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 555 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	4.2	0.011	4.5	1.5	4.3	0.74
Element Collection Test	0.0071	0.010	1.6	1.6	0.80	0.80
Inheritance Test	0.035	0.0093	3.0	1.1	1.5	0.57
Indexing Test	5.3	0.017	3.6	2.1	4.4	1.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.80	failed	0.93	failed	0.86	failed
Multithreading Test	5.7	failed	6.2	failed	6.0	failed
All Tests	2.7	0.012	3.3	1.6	3.0	0.79

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.79) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (3.0) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 3.8 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (4.2) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 382 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	52.8	35.1	52.8	35.4	52.8	35.2
Element Collection Test	42.4	29.5	42.4	29.9	42.4	29.7
Inheritance Test	44.2	33.4	44.2	33.5	44.2	33.4
Indexing Test	53.1	41.0	54.0	41.9	53.5	41.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	12.8	failed	9.6	failed	11.2	failed
Multithreading Test	50.7	failed	9.7	failed	30.2	failed
All Tests	42.7	34.8	35.5	35.2	39.1	35.0

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is slightly more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in using disk space.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	15.8	0.022	9.0	1.3	12.4	0.68
Element Collection Test	1.1	0.018	3.5	1.3	2.3	0.66
Inheritance Test	1.3	0.019	3.7	1.2	2.5	0.63
Indexing Test	7.2	0.028	12.0	1.9	9.6	0.94
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.2	failed	1.1	failed	1.2	failed
Multithreading Test	19.8	failed	10.9	failed	15.3	failed
All Tests	8.0	0.022	6.9	1.4	7.4	0.73

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.73) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (7.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 10.1 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.022) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (15.8) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 718 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.