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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded vs OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.059	13.3	1.3	6.9	0.69	10.1
Element Collection Test	0.045	8.6	1.0	5.3	0.52	7.0
Inheritance Test	0.051	12.2	0.85	5.8	0.45	9.0
Indexing Test	0.080	16.7	2.3	9.1	1.2	12.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	6.1	failed	7.3	failed	6.7
Multithreading Test	failed	26.8	failed	7.0	failed	16.9
All Tests	0.059	13.9	1.4	6.9	0.71	10.4

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.71) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (10.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 14.6 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.051) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (12.2) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 239 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.0047	21.8	1.8	30.1	0.90	25.9
Element Collection Test	0.0038	0.0068	1.5	4.5	0.77	2.2
Inheritance Test	0.0035	0.0025	2.2	2.0	1.1	0.98
Indexing Test	0.0043	22.1	1.8	43.6	0.89	32.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	2.1	failed	2.1	failed	2.1
Multithreading Test	failed	20.9	failed	23.5	failed	22.2
All Tests	0.0041	11.1	1.8	17.6	0.91	14.4

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.91) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (14.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 15.8 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.0043) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (22.1) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 5,140 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	failed	2.8	failed	0.91	failed	1.9
Element Collection Test	failed	1.4	failed	0.95	failed	1.2
Inheritance Test	failed	2.4	failed	1.3	failed	1.8
Indexing Test	failed	15.4	failed	34.3	failed	24.9
Multithreading Test	failed	1.4	failed	0.53	failed	0.95
All Tests	failed	4.7	failed	7.6	failed	6.1

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 10 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.012	12.0	0.76	5.3	0.39	8.6
Element Collection Test	0.012	0.017	1.1	3.7	0.53	1.8
Inheritance Test	0.011	0.0098	0.81	2.0	0.41	0.99
Indexing Test	0.011	9.3	1.3	5.5	0.64	7.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	2.5	failed	1.6	failed	2.1
Multithreading Test	failed	20.0	failed	3.7	failed	11.8
All Tests	0.012	7.3	0.97	3.6	0.49	5.5

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.49) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (5.5) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 11.2 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.012) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (12.0) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 1,000 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.011	21.3	1.5	15.7	0.74	18.5
Element Collection Test	0.010	0.011	1.6	2.9	0.80	1.5
Inheritance Test	0.0093	0.0070	1.1	3.5	0.57	1.8
Indexing Test	0.017	28.8	2.1	15.2	1.1	22.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	2.9	failed	3.6	failed	3.2
Multithreading Test	failed	26.0	failed	19.6	failed	22.8
All Tests	0.012	13.2	1.6	10.1	0.79	11.6

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.79) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (11.6) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 14.7 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (21.3) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 1,936 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	35.1	41.4	35.4	41.4	35.2	41.4
Element Collection Test	29.5	46.9	29.9	46.9	29.7	46.9
Inheritance Test	33.4	41.4	33.5	41.4	33.4	41.4
Indexing Test	41.0	48.4	41.9	49.2	41.5	48.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	28.5	failed	21.4	failed	25.0
Multithreading Test	failed	51.9	failed	10.3	failed	31.1
All Tests	34.8	43.1	35.2	35.1	35.0	39.1

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is slightly more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in using disk space.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.022	14.3	1.3	11.8	0.68	13.0
Element Collection Test	0.018	2.0	1.3	3.5	0.66	2.7
Inheritance Test	0.019	2.9	1.2	2.9	0.63	2.9
Indexing Test	0.028	18.5	1.9	21.6	0.94	20.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	3.4	failed	3.7	failed	3.5
Multithreading Test	failed	19.0	failed	10.9	failed	14.9
All Tests	0.022	10.2	1.4	9.2	0.73	9.7

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.73) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (9.7) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 13.3 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.028) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (18.5) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 661 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

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