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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded vs OpenJPA with H2 embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.059	17.1	1.3	5.8	0.69	11.5
Element Collection Test	0.045	10.9	1.0	4.9	0.52	7.9
Inheritance Test	0.051	14.3	0.85	5.9	0.45	10.1
Indexing Test	0.080	24.4	2.3	13.7	1.2	19.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	6.8	failed	6.7	failed	6.7
Multithreading Test	failed	34.2	failed	10.2	failed	22.2
All Tests	0.059	17.9	1.4	7.9	0.71	12.9

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.71) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (12.9) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 18.2 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.080) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (24.4) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 305 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.0047	14.6	1.8	27.2	0.90	20.9
Element Collection Test	0.0038	0.0046	1.5	4.3	0.77	2.1
Inheritance Test	0.0035	0.011	2.2	7.4	1.1	3.7
Indexing Test	0.0043	17.0	1.8	35.0	0.89	26.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	1.0	failed	1.4	failed	1.2
Multithreading Test	failed	18.7	failed	27.6	failed	23.1
All Tests	0.0041	8.6	1.8	17.1	0.91	12.8

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.91) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (12.8) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 14.1 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.0043) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (17.0) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 3,953 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	failed	5.0	failed	1.1	failed	3.1
Element Collection Test	failed	1.7	failed	1.3	failed	1.5
Inheritance Test	failed	2.2	failed	1.2	failed	1.7
Indexing Test	failed	13.8	failed	23.2	failed	18.5
Multithreading Test	failed	1.4	failed	0.60	failed	0.99
All Tests	failed	4.8	failed	5.5	failed	5.1

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 10 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.012	10.0	0.76	6.0	0.39	8.0
Element Collection Test	0.012	0.011	1.1	3.8	0.53	1.9
Inheritance Test	0.011	0.046	0.81	5.0	0.41	2.5
Indexing Test	0.011	8.9	1.3	7.0	0.64	8.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	2.4	failed	1.3	failed	1.9
Multithreading Test	failed	16.6	failed	4.3	failed	10.4
All Tests	0.012	6.3	0.97	4.6	0.49	5.4

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.49) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (5.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 11.0 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.012) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (10.0) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 833 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.011	18.3	1.5	11.1	0.74	14.7
Element Collection Test	0.010	0.012	1.6	2.9	0.80	1.4
Inheritance Test	0.0093	0.030	1.1	6.6	0.57	3.3
Indexing Test	0.017	23.2	2.1	9.7	1.1	16.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	1.8	failed	2.4	failed	2.1
Multithreading Test	failed	31.2	failed	17.3	failed	24.2
All Tests	0.012	12.4	1.6	8.3	0.79	10.4

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.79) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (10.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 13.2 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (18.3) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 1,664 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	35.1	27.0	35.4	27.0	35.2	27.0
Element Collection Test	29.5	30.6	29.9	30.6	29.7	30.6
Inheritance Test	33.4	27.0	33.5	27.0	33.4	27.0
Indexing Test	41.0	31.6	41.9	32.1	41.5	31.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	28.5	failed	21.4	failed	24.9
Multithreading Test	failed	33.9	failed	9.2	failed	21.5
All Tests	34.8	29.8	35.2	24.5	35.0	27.2

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with DB4O embedded is slightly more efficient than OpenJPA with H2 embedded in using disk space.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.022	13.0	1.3	10.2	0.68	11.6
Element Collection Test	0.018	2.5	1.3	3.4	0.66	3.0
Inheritance Test	0.019	3.3	1.2	5.2	0.63	4.3
Indexing Test	0.028	17.5	1.9	17.7	0.94	17.6
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	3.0	failed	3.0	failed	3.0
Multithreading Test	failed	20.4	failed	12.0	failed	16.2
All Tests	0.022	10.2	1.4	8.8	0.73	9.5

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.73) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (9.5) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 13.0 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.028) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (17.5) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 625 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

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