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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of OpenJPA with H2 embedded vs Hibernate with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	17.1	0.083	5.8	1.0	11.5	0.55
Element Collection Test	10.9	0.067	4.9	0.69	7.9	0.38
Inheritance Test	14.3	0.080	5.9	0.99	10.1	0.54
Indexing Test	24.4	0.098	13.7	1.0	19.1	0.55
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	6.8	0.27	6.7	0.96	6.7	0.61
Multithreading Test	34.2	failed	10.2	failed	22.2	failed
All Tests	17.9	0.12	7.9	0.93	12.9	0.53

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.53) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (12.9) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 24.3 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.098) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (24.4) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 249 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	14.6	1.8	27.2	1.3	20.9	1.5
Element Collection Test	0.0046	0.0008	4.3	failed	2.1	0.0008
Inheritance Test	0.011	2.4	7.4	1.4	3.7	1.9
Indexing Test	17.0	1.9	35.0	2.3	26.0	2.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.0	0.56	1.4	0.88	1.2	0.72
Multithreading Test	18.7	failed	27.6	failed	23.1	failed
All Tests	8.6	1.3	17.1	1.5	12.8	1.4

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.4) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (12.8) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 9.1 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with large retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.3) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (27.2) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 20.9 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is slower, for instance, when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (2.4) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 218 times slower than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	5.0	1.1	1.1	0.22	3.1	0.65
Element Collection Test	1.7	0.39	1.3	failed	1.5	0.39
Inheritance Test	2.2	0.53	1.2	0.28	1.7	0.40
Indexing Test	13.8	0.0011	23.2	0.43	18.5	0.21
Multithreading Test	1.4	failed	0.60	failed	0.99	failed
All Tests	4.8	0.50	5.5	0.31	5.1	0.42

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.42) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (5.1) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 12.1 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0011) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (13.8) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 12,545 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	10.0	0.076	6.0	0.65	8.0	0.37
Element Collection Test	0.011	0.0022	3.8	failed	1.9	0.0022
Inheritance Test	0.046	0.079	5.0	0.97	2.5	0.53
Indexing Test	8.9	0.057	7.0	0.54	8.0	0.30
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.4	0.26	1.3	0.42	1.9	0.34
Multithreading Test	16.6	failed	4.3	failed	10.4	failed
All Tests	6.3	0.094	4.6	0.65	5.4	0.34

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.34) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (5.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 15.9 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.057) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (8.9) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 156 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	18.3	0.061	11.1	0.91	14.7	0.49
Element Collection Test	0.012	0.0007	2.9	failed	1.4	0.0007
Inheritance Test	0.030	0.058	6.6	0.90	3.3	0.48
Indexing Test	23.2	0.079	9.7	0.54	16.4	0.31
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.8	0.24	2.4	0.80	2.1	0.52
Multithreading Test	31.2	failed	17.3	failed	24.2	failed
All Tests	12.4	0.088	8.3	0.79	10.4	0.40

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.40) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (10.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 26.0 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.061) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (18.3) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 300 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	27.0	90.2	27.0	90.2	27.0	90.2
Element Collection Test	30.6	82.0	30.6	82.0	30.6	82.0
Inheritance Test	27.0	80.5	27.0	80.5	27.0	80.5
Indexing Test	31.6	93.4	32.1	94.8	31.9	94.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	28.5	67.9	21.4	50.9	24.9	59.4
Multithreading Test	33.9	failed	9.2	failed	21.5	failed
All Tests	29.8	82.8	24.5	79.7	27.2	81.2

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with SQLite embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with H2 embedded in using disk space. Comparing the normalized score of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (27.2) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (81.2) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 3.0 times more efficient than OpenJPA with H2 embedded.

A large gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized score of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (27.0) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (90.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 3.3 times more efficient than OpenJPA with H2 embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	13.0	0.63	10.2	0.81	11.6	0.72
Element Collection Test	2.5	0.092	3.4	0.69	3.0	0.19
Inheritance Test	3.3	0.63	5.2	0.91	4.3	0.77
Indexing Test	17.5	0.42	17.7	0.96	17.6	0.69
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.0	0.33	3.0	0.77	3.0	0.55
Multithreading Test	20.4	failed	12.0	failed	16.2	failed
All Tests	10.2	0.42	8.8	0.86	9.5	0.62

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.62) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (9.5) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 15.3 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.42) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (17.5) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 41.7 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.