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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of Hibernate with SQLite embedded vs OpenJPA with H2 server

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 server
Basic Person Test	0.083	3.7	1.0	2.2	0.55	2.9
Element Collection Test	0.067	2.6	0.69	1.5	0.38	2.1
Inheritance Test	0.080	4.5	0.99	2.0	0.54	3.2
Indexing Test	0.098	7.3	1.0	3.6	0.55	5.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.27	1.1	0.96	0.84	0.61	0.97
Multithreading Test	failed	7.7	failed	4.2	failed	5.9
All Tests	0.12	4.5	0.93	2.4	0.53	3.4

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 server is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.53) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 database server (3.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 server is 6.4 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.098) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 database server (7.3) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 server is 74.5 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 server
Basic Person Test	1.8	2.9	1.3	7.6	1.5	5.2
Element Collection Test	0.0008	0.0022	failed	1.9	0.0008	0.93
Inheritance Test	2.4	0.013	1.4	4.0	1.9	2.0
Indexing Test	1.9	4.1	2.3	8.8	2.1	6.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.56	0.38	0.88	0.49	0.72	0.44
Multithreading Test	failed	5.9	failed	14.0	failed	10.0
All Tests	1.3	2.2	1.5	6.1	1.4	4.2

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 server is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.4) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 database server (4.2) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 server is 3.0 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A large performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with large retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.3) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 database server (7.6) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 server is 5.8 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with H2 server is slower, for instance, when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 database server (0.013) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (2.4) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 server is 185 times slower than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 server
Basic Person Test	1.1	3.7	0.22	1.0	0.65	2.4
Element Collection Test	0.39	2.0	failed	1.2	0.39	1.6
Inheritance Test	0.53	2.8	0.28	1.1	0.40	2.0
Indexing Test	0.0011	3.8	0.43	7.5	0.21	5.7
Multithreading Test	failed	0.98	failed	1.0	failed	1.0
All Tests	0.50	2.7	0.31	2.4	0.42	2.5

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 server is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.42) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 database server (2.5) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 server is 6.0 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0011) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 database server (3.8) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 server is 3,455 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 server
Basic Person Test	0.076	3.0	0.65	2.0	0.37	2.5
Element Collection Test	0.0022	0.0078	failed	1.9	0.0022	0.94
Inheritance Test	0.079	0.034	0.97	2.8	0.53	1.4
Indexing Test	0.057	2.8	0.54	3.2	0.30	3.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.26	0.79	0.42	0.43	0.34	0.61
Multithreading Test	failed	7.0	failed	2.5	failed	4.8
All Tests	0.094	2.3	0.65	2.1	0.34	2.2

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 server is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.34) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 database server (2.2) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 server is 6.5 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.057) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 database server (2.8) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 server is 49.1 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with H2 server is slower, for instance, when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 database server (0.034) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.079) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 server is 2.3 times slower than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 server
Basic Person Test	0.061	3.2	0.91	2.2	0.49	2.7
Element Collection Test	0.0007	0.0060	failed	0.88	0.0007	0.44
Inheritance Test	0.058	0.030	0.90	3.1	0.48	1.6
Indexing Test	0.079	6.5	0.54	3.6	0.31	5.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.24	0.73	0.80	0.75	0.52	0.74
Multithreading Test	failed	7.6	failed	5.2	failed	6.4
All Tests	0.088	3.0	0.79	2.6	0.40	2.8

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 server is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.40) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 database server (2.8) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 server is 7.0 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.079) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 database server (6.5) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 server is 82.3 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 server
Basic Person Test	0.63	3.3	0.81	3.0	0.72	3.1
Element Collection Test	0.092	0.93	0.69	1.5	0.19	1.2
Inheritance Test	0.63	1.5	0.91	2.6	0.77	2.0
Indexing Test	0.42	4.9	0.96	5.4	0.69	5.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.33	0.75	0.77	0.63	0.55	0.69
Multithreading Test	failed	5.9	failed	5.4	failed	5.6
All Tests	0.42	2.9	0.86	3.2	0.62	3.0

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 server is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.62) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 database server (3.0) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 server is 4.8 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.42) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 database server (4.9) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 server is 11.7 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.