Comparison of Hibernate with SQLite embedded vs DataNucleus with H2 server

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server
Basic Person Test	0.083	3.4	1.0	2.2	0.55	2.8
Element Collection Test	0.067	1.2	0.69	0.64	0.38	0.92
Inheritance Test	0.080	3.0	0.99	1.9	0.54	2.4
Indexing Test	0.098	5.3	1.0	3.5	0.55	4.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.27	2.1	0.96	1.3	0.61	1.7
Multithreading Test	failed	10.0	failed	4.3	failed	7.2
All Tests	0.12	4.2	0.93	2.3	0.53	3.2

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 server is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.53) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (3.2) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 server is 6.0 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.098) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (5.3) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 server is 54.1 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server
Basic Person Test	1.8	2.5	1.3	5.2	1.5	3.9
Element Collection Test	0.0008	0.56	failed	1.1	0.0008	0.82
Inheritance Test	2.4	2.2	1.4	6.1	1.9	4.2
Indexing Test	1.9	2.1	2.3	7.7	2.1	4.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.56	5.7	0.88	8.9	0.72	7.3
Multithreading Test	failed	2.3	failed	8.7	failed	5.5
All Tests	1.3	2.5	1.5	6.3	1.4	4.4

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 server is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.4) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (4.4) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 server is 3.1 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0008) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (0.56) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 server is 700 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server
Basic Person Test	1.1	4.1	0.22	1.3	0.65	2.7
Element Collection Test	0.39	4.0	failed	0.49	0.39	2.3
Inheritance Test	0.53	2.9	0.28	1.5	0.40	2.2
Indexing Test	0.0011	0.0036	0.43	1.5	0.21	0.75
Multithreading Test	failed	1.3	failed	failed	failed	1.3
All Tests	0.50	2.5	0.31	1.2	0.42	1.9

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions). DataNucleus with H2 server has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 server is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.42) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (1.9) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 server is 4.5 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.39) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (4.0) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 server is 10.3 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server
Basic Person Test	0.076	2.5	0.65	1.4	0.37	1.9
Element Collection Test	0.0022	2.0	failed	1.0	0.0022	1.5
Inheritance Test	0.079	2.4	0.97	2.3	0.53	2.3
Indexing Test	0.057	2.7	0.54	3.0	0.30	2.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.26	1.8	0.42	0.60	0.34	1.2
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	0.094	2.3	0.65	1.7	0.34	2.0

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions). DataNucleus with H2 server has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 server is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.34) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (2.0) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 server is 5.9 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0022) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (2.0) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 server is 909 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server
Basic Person Test	0.061	3.4	0.91	1.3	0.49	2.3
Element Collection Test	0.0007	1.5	failed	0.68	0.0007	1.1
Inheritance Test	0.058	2.7	0.90	1.3	0.48	2.0
Indexing Test	0.079	5.7	0.54	1.9	0.31	3.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.24	1.5	0.80	1.2	0.52	1.3
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	5.1	failed	5.1
All Tests	0.088	3.0	0.79	1.9	0.40	2.4

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions). DataNucleus with H2 server has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 server is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.40) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (2.4) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 server is 6.0 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0007) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (1.5) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 server is 2,143 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server
Basic Person Test	0.63	3.2	0.81	2.3	0.72	2.7
Element Collection Test	0.092	1.9	0.69	0.78	0.19	1.3
Inheritance Test	0.63	2.6	0.91	2.6	0.77	2.6
Indexing Test	0.42	3.2	0.96	3.5	0.69	3.3
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.33	2.8	0.77	3.0	0.55	2.9
Multithreading Test	failed	4.5	failed	6.0	failed	5.3
All Tests	0.42	2.9	0.86	2.8	0.62	2.9

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 server is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.62) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (2.9) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 server is 4.7 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.092) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (1.9) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 server is 20.7 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)