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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of Hibernate with SQLite embedded vs EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.083	27.1	1.0	17.2	0.55	22.2
Element Collection Test	0.067	17.2	0.69	8.2	0.38	12.7
Inheritance Test	0.080	26.7	0.99	11.9	0.54	19.3
Indexing Test	0.098	30.6	1.0	18.6	0.55	24.6
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.27	20.0	0.96	15.9	0.61	18.0
Multithreading Test	failed	32.5	failed	11.4	failed	22.0
All Tests	0.12	25.7	0.93	13.9	0.53	19.8

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.53) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (19.8) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 37.4 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.080) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (26.7) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 334 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	1.8	24.4	1.3	36.0	1.5	30.2
Element Collection Test	0.0008	14.9	failed	19.1	0.0008	17.0
Inheritance Test	2.4	22.8	1.4	40.0	1.9	31.4
Indexing Test	1.9	20.7	2.3	38.7	2.1	29.7
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.56	8.7	0.88	14.2	0.72	11.4
Multithreading Test	failed	24.2	failed	28.0	failed	26.1
All Tests	1.3	19.3	1.5	29.3	1.4	24.3

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.4) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (24.3) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 17.4 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0008) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (14.9) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 18,625 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	1.1	2.9	0.22	0.88	0.65	1.9
Element Collection Test	0.39	3.2	failed	1.4	0.39	2.3
Inheritance Test	0.53	2.6	0.28	1.1	0.40	1.9
Indexing Test	0.0011	21.5	0.43	33.3	0.21	27.4
Multithreading Test	failed	1.1	failed	0.52	failed	0.82
All Tests	0.50	6.3	0.31	7.4	0.42	6.9

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.42) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (6.9) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 16.4 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0011) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (21.5) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 19,545 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.076	17.9	0.65	7.0	0.37	12.5
Element Collection Test	0.0022	14.6	failed	8.3	0.0022	11.4
Inheritance Test	0.079	16.2	0.97	9.7	0.53	13.0
Indexing Test	0.057	12.0	0.54	6.8	0.30	9.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.26	4.7	0.42	3.4	0.34	4.0
Multithreading Test	failed	24.4	failed	4.4	failed	14.4
All Tests	0.094	15.0	0.65	6.6	0.34	10.8

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.34) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (10.8) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 31.8 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0022) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (14.6) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 6,636 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.061	32.3	0.91	20.3	0.49	26.3
Element Collection Test	0.0007	14.3	failed	6.0	0.0007	10.2
Inheritance Test	0.058	29.2	0.90	23.9	0.48	26.6
Indexing Test	0.079	55.3	0.54	27.1	0.31	41.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.24	6.8	0.80	14.1	0.52	10.4
Multithreading Test	failed	52.9	failed	28.4	failed	40.6
All Tests	0.088	31.8	0.79	20.0	0.40	25.9

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.40) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (25.9) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 64.7 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0007) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (14.3) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 20,429 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	90.2	41.4	90.2	41.4	90.2	41.4
Element Collection Test	82.0	46.9	82.0	46.9	82.0	46.9
Inheritance Test	80.5	41.4	80.5	41.4	80.5	41.4
Indexing Test	93.4	48.4	94.8	49.2	94.1	48.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	67.9	28.5	50.9	21.4	59.4	25.0
Multithreading Test	failed	51.9	failed	10.3	failed	31.1
All Tests	82.8	43.1	79.7	35.1	81.2	39.1

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with SQLite embedded is more efficient than EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded in using disk space. Comparing the normalized score of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (39.1) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (81.2) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 2.1 times more efficient than EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded.

A large gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized score of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (28.5) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (67.9) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 2.4 times more efficient than EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.63	20.9	0.81	16.3	0.72	18.6
Element Collection Test	0.092	12.8	0.69	8.6	0.19	10.7
Inheritance Test	0.63	19.5	0.91	17.3	0.77	18.4
Indexing Test	0.42	28.0	0.96	24.9	0.69	26.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.33	10.0	0.77	11.9	0.55	11.0
Multithreading Test	failed	27.0	failed	14.6	failed	20.8
All Tests	0.42	20.1	0.86	15.7	0.62	17.9

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.62) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (17.9) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 28.9 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.092) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (12.8) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 139 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.