Comparison of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded vs OpenJPA with Derby embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	27.1	4.8	17.2	2.9	22.2	3.9
Element Collection Test	17.2	2.8	8.2	1.9	12.7	2.4
Inheritance Test	26.7	4.1	11.9	2.4	19.3	3.3
Indexing Test	30.6	6.1	18.6	4.1	24.6	5.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	20.0	1.5	15.9	1.4	18.0	1.4
Multithreading Test	32.5	8.7	11.4	3.3	22.0	6.0
All Tests	25.7	4.7	13.9	2.7	19.8	3.7

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (3.7) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (19.8) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 5.4 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (1.5) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (20.0) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 13.3 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	24.4	14.8	36.0	22.6	30.2	18.7
Element Collection Test	14.9	0.0031	19.1	2.3	17.0	1.2
Inheritance Test	22.8	0.015	40.0	7.0	31.4	3.5
Indexing Test	20.7	11.7	38.7	26.5	29.7	19.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	8.7	0.93	14.2	1.2	11.4	1.1
Multithreading Test	24.2	25.2	28.0	28.6	26.1	26.9
All Tests	19.3	8.8	29.3	14.7	24.3	11.7

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (11.7) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (24.3) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 2.1 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (0.0031) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (14.9) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 4,806 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	2.9	49.7	0.88	9.9	1.9	29.8
Element Collection Test	3.2	2.7	1.4	9.6	2.3	6.1
Inheritance Test	2.6	2.3	1.1	1.3	1.9	1.8
Indexing Test	21.5	7.0	33.3	17.1	27.4	12.1
Multithreading Test	1.1	40.9	0.52	11.7	0.82	26.3
All Tests	6.3	20.5	7.4	9.9	6.9	15.2

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is more efficient than EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (6.9) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (15.2) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 2.2 times faster than EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (1.1) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (40.9) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 37.2 times faster than EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is slower, for instance, when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (7.0) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (21.5) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 3.1 times slower than EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	17.9	5.6	7.0	5.2	12.5	5.4
Element Collection Test	14.6	0.0090	8.3	2.2	11.4	1.1
Inheritance Test	16.2	0.045	9.7	4.6	13.0	2.3
Indexing Test	12.0	6.1	6.8	8.7	9.4	7.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	4.7	1.6	3.4	0.91	4.0	1.3
Multithreading Test	24.4	18.3	4.4	4.5	14.4	11.4
All Tests	15.0	5.3	6.6	4.4	10.8	4.8

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (4.8) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (10.8) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 2.3 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (0.0090) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (14.6) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 1,622 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	32.3	4.2	20.3	4.5	26.3	4.3
Element Collection Test	14.3	0.0071	6.0	1.6	10.2	0.80
Inheritance Test	29.2	0.035	23.9	3.0	26.6	1.5
Indexing Test	55.3	5.3	27.1	3.6	41.2	4.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	6.8	0.80	14.1	0.93	10.4	0.86
Multithreading Test	52.9	5.7	28.4	6.2	40.6	6.0
All Tests	31.8	2.7	20.0	3.3	25.9	3.0

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (3.0) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (25.9) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 8.6 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (0.0071) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (14.3) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 2,014 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	41.4	52.8	41.4	52.8	41.4	52.8
Element Collection Test	46.9	42.4	46.9	42.4	46.9	42.4
Inheritance Test	41.4	44.2	41.4	44.2	41.4	44.2
Indexing Test	48.4	53.1	49.2	54.0	48.8	53.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	28.5	12.8	21.4	9.6	25.0	11.2
Multithreading Test	51.9	50.7	10.3	9.7	31.1	30.2
All Tests	43.1	42.7	35.1	35.5	39.1	39.1

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is equivalent to OpenJPA with Derby embedded in using disk space.

A large gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized score of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (9.6) to the normalized score of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (21.4) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 2.2 times more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	20.9	15.8	16.3	9.0	18.6	12.4
Element Collection Test	12.8	1.1	8.6	3.5	10.7	2.3
Inheritance Test	19.5	1.3	17.3	3.7	18.4	2.5
Indexing Test	28.0	7.2	24.9	12.0	26.5	9.6
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	10.0	1.2	11.9	1.1	11.0	1.2
Multithreading Test	27.0	19.8	14.6	10.9	20.8	15.3
All Tests	20.1	8.0	15.7	6.9	17.9	7.4

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (7.4) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (17.9) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 2.4 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (1.3) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (19.5) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 15.0 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)