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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of OpenJPA with Derby embedded vs Hibernate with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	4.8	0.083	2.9	1.0	3.9	0.55
Element Collection Test	2.8	0.067	1.9	0.69	2.4	0.38
Inheritance Test	4.1	0.080	2.4	0.99	3.3	0.54
Indexing Test	6.1	0.098	4.1	1.0	5.1	0.55
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.5	0.27	1.4	0.96	1.4	0.61
Multithreading Test	8.7	failed	3.3	failed	6.0	failed
All Tests	4.7	0.12	2.7	0.93	3.7	0.53

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.53) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (3.7) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 7.0 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.098) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (6.1) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 62.2 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	14.8	1.8	22.6	1.3	18.7	1.5
Element Collection Test	0.0031	0.0008	2.3	failed	1.2	0.0008
Inheritance Test	0.015	2.4	7.0	1.4	3.5	1.9
Indexing Test	11.7	1.9	26.5	2.3	19.1	2.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.93	0.56	1.2	0.88	1.1	0.72
Multithreading Test	25.2	failed	28.6	failed	26.9	failed
All Tests	8.8	1.3	14.7	1.5	11.7	1.4

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.4) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (11.7) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 8.4 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with large retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.3) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (22.6) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 17.4 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is slower, for instance, when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (0.015) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (2.4) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 160 times slower than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	49.7	1.1	9.9	0.22	29.8	0.65
Element Collection Test	2.7	0.39	9.6	failed	6.1	0.39
Inheritance Test	2.3	0.53	1.3	0.28	1.8	0.40
Indexing Test	7.0	0.0011	17.1	0.43	12.1	0.21
Multithreading Test	40.9	failed	11.7	failed	26.3	failed
All Tests	20.5	0.50	9.9	0.31	15.2	0.42

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.42) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (15.2) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 36.2 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0011) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (7.0) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 6,364 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	5.6	0.076	5.2	0.65	5.4	0.37
Element Collection Test	0.0090	0.0022	2.2	failed	1.1	0.0022
Inheritance Test	0.045	0.079	4.6	0.97	2.3	0.53
Indexing Test	6.1	0.057	8.7	0.54	7.4	0.30
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.6	0.26	0.91	0.42	1.3	0.34
Multithreading Test	18.3	failed	4.5	failed	11.4	failed
All Tests	5.3	0.094	4.4	0.65	4.8	0.34

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.34) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (4.8) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 14.1 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.057) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (6.1) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 107 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	4.2	0.061	4.5	0.91	4.3	0.49
Element Collection Test	0.0071	0.0007	1.6	failed	0.80	0.0007
Inheritance Test	0.035	0.058	3.0	0.90	1.5	0.48
Indexing Test	5.3	0.079	3.6	0.54	4.4	0.31
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.80	0.24	0.93	0.80	0.86	0.52
Multithreading Test	5.7	failed	6.2	failed	6.0	failed
All Tests	2.7	0.088	3.3	0.79	3.0	0.40

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.40) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (3.0) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 7.5 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.061) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (4.2) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 68.9 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	52.8	90.2	52.8	90.2	52.8	90.2
Element Collection Test	42.4	82.0	42.4	82.0	42.4	82.0
Inheritance Test	44.2	80.5	44.2	80.5	44.2	80.5
Indexing Test	53.1	93.4	54.0	94.8	53.5	94.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	12.8	67.9	9.6	50.9	11.2	59.4
Multithreading Test	50.7	failed	9.7	failed	30.2	failed
All Tests	42.7	82.8	35.5	79.7	39.1	81.2

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with SQLite embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby embedded in using disk space. Comparing the normalized score of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (39.1) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (81.2) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 2.1 times more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

A large gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized score of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (12.8) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (67.9) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 5.3 times more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	15.8	0.63	9.0	0.81	12.4	0.72
Element Collection Test	1.1	0.092	3.5	0.69	2.3	0.19
Inheritance Test	1.3	0.63	3.7	0.91	2.5	0.77
Indexing Test	7.2	0.42	12.0	0.96	9.6	0.69
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.2	0.33	1.1	0.77	1.2	0.55
Multithreading Test	19.8	failed	10.9	failed	15.3	failed
All Tests	8.0	0.42	6.9	0.86	7.4	0.62

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.62) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (7.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 11.9 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.63) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (15.8) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 25.1 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.