Comparison of OpenJPA with H2 embedded vs DataNucleus with MySQL server

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus MySQL server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus MySQL server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus MySQL server
Basic Person Test	17.1	2.6	5.8	1.4	11.5	2.0
Element Collection Test	10.9	1.0	4.9	0.48	7.9	0.76
Inheritance Test	14.3	2.5	5.9	1.3	10.1	1.9
Indexing Test	24.4	4.0	13.7	2.5	19.1	3.3
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	6.8	1.1	6.7	0.99	6.7	1.1
Multithreading Test	34.2	6.2	10.2	2.5	22.2	4.4
All Tests	17.9	2.9	7.9	1.5	12.9	2.2

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with MySQL server in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (2.2) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (12.9) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 5.9 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (1.0) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (10.9) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 10.9 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus MySQL server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus MySQL server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus MySQL server
Basic Person Test	14.6	0.96	27.2	9.3	20.9	5.1
Element Collection Test	0.0046	0.18	4.3	0.77	2.1	0.47
Inheritance Test	0.011	0.55	7.4	8.5	3.7	4.5
Indexing Test	17.0	0.82	35.0	9.7	26.0	5.3
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.0	2.1	1.4	3.5	1.2	2.8
Multithreading Test	18.7	0.27	27.6	7.8	23.1	4.0
All Tests	8.6	0.81	17.1	6.6	12.8	3.7

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with MySQL server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (3.7) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (12.8) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 3.5 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (0.27) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (18.7) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 69.3 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is slower, for instance, when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (0.55) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 50.0 times slower than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus MySQL server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus MySQL server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus MySQL server
Basic Person Test	5.0	7.2	1.1	2.2	3.1	4.7
Element Collection Test	1.7	5.8	1.3	0.27	1.5	3.1
Inheritance Test	2.2	2.9	1.2	1.7	1.7	2.3
Indexing Test	13.8	0.0084	23.2	2.5	18.5	1.2
Multithreading Test	1.4	failed	0.60	failed	0.99	failed
All Tests	4.8	4.0	5.5	1.7	5.1	2.8

DataNucleus with MySQL server has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is more efficient than DataNucleus with MySQL server in executing the tested JPA queries.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (0.0084) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (13.8) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 1,643 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (1.7) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (5.8) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 3.4 times slower than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus MySQL server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus MySQL server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus MySQL server
Basic Person Test	10.0	0.61	6.0	1.1	8.0	0.88
Element Collection Test	0.011	0.31	3.8	0.44	1.9	0.38
Inheritance Test	0.046	0.51	5.0	1.8	2.5	1.1
Indexing Test	8.9	0.68	7.0	2.2	8.0	1.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.4	0.91	1.3	0.47	1.9	0.69
Multithreading Test	16.6	0.64	4.3	failed	10.4	0.64
All Tests	6.3	0.61	4.6	1.2	5.4	0.88

DataNucleus with MySQL server has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with MySQL server in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (0.88) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (5.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 6.1 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (0.64) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (16.6) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 25.9 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (0.31) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 28.2 times slower than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus MySQL server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus MySQL server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus MySQL server
Basic Person Test	18.3	0.70	11.1	1.3	14.7	1.0
Element Collection Test	0.012	0.17	2.9	0.40	1.4	0.29
Inheritance Test	0.030	0.41	6.6	1.3	3.3	0.87
Indexing Test	23.2	1.7	9.7	1.9	16.4	1.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.8	0.49	2.4	0.46	2.1	0.47
Multithreading Test	31.2	failed	17.3	failed	24.2	failed
All Tests	12.4	0.69	8.3	1.1	10.4	0.89

DataNucleus with MySQL server has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with MySQL server in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (0.89) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (10.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 11.7 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (0.70) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (18.3) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 26.1 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (0.012) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (0.17) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 14.2 times slower than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus MySQL server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus MySQL server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus MySQL server
Basic Person Test	13.0	2.4	10.2	3.1	11.6	2.7
Element Collection Test	2.5	1.5	3.4	0.47	3.0	0.99
Inheritance Test	3.3	1.4	5.2	2.9	4.3	2.1
Indexing Test	17.5	1.4	17.7	3.8	17.6	2.6
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.0	1.2	3.0	1.4	3.0	1.3
Multithreading Test	20.4	2.4	12.0	5.1	16.2	3.5
All Tests	10.2	1.7	8.8	2.6	9.5	2.1

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with MySQL server in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (2.1) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (9.5) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 4.5 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with MySQL database server (1.4) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (17.5) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 12.5 times faster than DataNucleus with MySQL server.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)