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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded vs Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.059	32.6	1.3	13.1	0.69	22.9
Element Collection Test	0.045	15.1	1.0	8.2	0.52	11.7
Inheritance Test	0.051	25.5	0.85	13.6	0.45	19.5
Indexing Test	0.080	29.6	2.3	18.8	1.2	24.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	13.8	failed	15.6	failed	14.7
Multithreading Test	failed	37.4	failed	13.0	failed	25.2
All Tests	0.059	25.6	1.4	13.7	0.71	19.7

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.71) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (19.7) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 27.7 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.059) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (32.6) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 553 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.0047	24.8	1.8	16.4	0.90	20.6
Element Collection Test	0.0038	11.3	1.5	10.8	0.77	11.0
Inheritance Test	0.0035	21.7	2.2	21.0	1.1	21.3
Indexing Test	0.0043	11.9	1.8	21.5	0.89	16.7
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	3.6	failed	4.7	failed	4.1
Multithreading Test	failed	19.8	failed	21.5	failed	20.6
All Tests	0.0041	15.5	1.8	16.0	0.91	15.7

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.91) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (15.7) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 17.3 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.0035) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (21.7) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 6,200 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	failed	3.6	failed	0.88	failed	2.2
Element Collection Test	failed	3.4	failed	1.7	failed	2.6
Inheritance Test	failed	2.9	failed	1.0	failed	1.9
Indexing Test	failed	9.9	failed	21.7	failed	15.8
Multithreading Test	failed	1.1	failed	0.58	failed	0.82
All Tests	failed	4.2	failed	5.2	failed	4.7

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 10 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.012	14.2	0.76	5.0	0.39	9.6
Element Collection Test	0.012	10.1	1.1	5.6	0.53	7.8
Inheritance Test	0.011	13.4	0.81	7.5	0.41	10.5
Indexing Test	0.011	10.7	1.3	6.1	0.64	8.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	3.7	failed	2.5	failed	3.1
Multithreading Test	failed	23.9	failed	3.8	failed	13.9
All Tests	0.012	12.7	0.97	5.1	0.49	8.9

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.49) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (8.9) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 18.2 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (13.4) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 1,218 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.011	26.1	1.5	17.5	0.74	21.8
Element Collection Test	0.010	9.1	1.6	5.2	0.80	7.1
Inheritance Test	0.0093	21.4	1.1	17.7	0.57	19.6
Indexing Test	0.017	33.0	2.1	16.3	1.1	24.7
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	5.4	failed	8.2	failed	6.8
Multithreading Test	failed	38.5	failed	28.6	failed	33.5
All Tests	0.012	22.3	1.6	15.6	0.79	18.9

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.79) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (18.9) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 23.9 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (26.1) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 2,373 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	35.1	41.4	35.4	41.4	35.2	41.4
Element Collection Test	29.5	46.9	29.9	46.9	29.7	46.9
Inheritance Test	33.4	41.4	33.5	41.4	33.4	41.4
Indexing Test	41.0	48.4	41.9	49.2	41.5	48.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	28.5	failed	21.4	failed	25.0
Multithreading Test	failed	51.9	failed	10.3	failed	31.1
All Tests	34.8	43.1	35.2	35.1	35.0	39.1

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is slightly more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in using disk space.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.022	20.2	1.3	10.6	0.68	15.4
Element Collection Test	0.018	9.8	1.3	6.3	0.66	8.0
Inheritance Test	0.019	17.0	1.2	12.2	0.63	14.6
Indexing Test	0.028	19.0	1.9	16.9	0.94	18.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	6.6	failed	7.8	failed	7.2
Multithreading Test	failed	24.1	failed	13.5	failed	18.8
All Tests	0.022	16.5	1.4	11.3	0.73	13.9

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.73) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (13.9) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 19.0 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.022) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (20.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 918 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

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