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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded vs DataNucleus with DB4O embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	32.6	0.059	13.1	1.3	22.9	0.69
Element Collection Test	15.1	0.045	8.2	1.0	11.7	0.52
Inheritance Test	25.5	0.051	13.6	0.85	19.5	0.45
Indexing Test	29.6	0.080	18.8	2.3	24.2	1.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	13.8	failed	15.6	failed	14.7	failed
Multithreading Test	37.4	failed	13.0	failed	25.2	failed
All Tests	25.6	0.059	13.7	1.4	19.7	0.71

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.71) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (19.7) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 27.7 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.059) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (32.6) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 553 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	24.8	0.0047	16.4	1.8	20.6	0.90
Element Collection Test	11.3	0.0038	10.8	1.5	11.0	0.77
Inheritance Test	21.7	0.0035	21.0	2.2	21.3	1.1
Indexing Test	11.9	0.0043	21.5	1.8	16.7	0.89
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.6	failed	4.7	failed	4.1	failed
Multithreading Test	19.8	failed	21.5	failed	20.6	failed
All Tests	15.5	0.0041	16.0	1.8	15.7	0.91

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.91) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (15.7) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 17.3 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.0035) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (21.7) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 6,200 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	3.6	failed	0.88	failed	2.2	failed
Element Collection Test	3.4	failed	1.7	failed	2.6	failed
Inheritance Test	2.9	failed	1.0	failed	1.9	failed
Indexing Test	9.9	failed	21.7	failed	15.8	failed
Multithreading Test	1.1	failed	0.58	failed	0.82	failed
All Tests	4.2	failed	5.2	failed	4.7	failed

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 10 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	14.2	0.012	5.0	0.76	9.6	0.39
Element Collection Test	10.1	0.012	5.6	1.1	7.8	0.53
Inheritance Test	13.4	0.011	7.5	0.81	10.5	0.41
Indexing Test	10.7	0.011	6.1	1.3	8.4	0.64
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.7	failed	2.5	failed	3.1	failed
Multithreading Test	23.9	failed	3.8	failed	13.9	failed
All Tests	12.7	0.012	5.1	0.97	8.9	0.49

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.49) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (8.9) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 18.2 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (13.4) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 1,218 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	26.1	0.011	17.5	1.5	21.8	0.74
Element Collection Test	9.1	0.010	5.2	1.6	7.1	0.80
Inheritance Test	21.4	0.0093	17.7	1.1	19.6	0.57
Indexing Test	33.0	0.017	16.3	2.1	24.7	1.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	5.4	failed	8.2	failed	6.8	failed
Multithreading Test	38.5	failed	28.6	failed	33.5	failed
All Tests	22.3	0.012	15.6	1.6	18.9	0.79

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.79) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (18.9) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 23.9 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (26.1) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 2,373 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	41.4	35.1	41.4	35.4	41.4	35.2
Element Collection Test	46.9	29.5	46.9	29.9	46.9	29.7
Inheritance Test	41.4	33.4	41.4	33.5	41.4	33.4
Indexing Test	48.4	41.0	49.2	41.9	48.8	41.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	28.5	failed	21.4	failed	25.0	failed
Multithreading Test	51.9	failed	10.3	failed	31.1	failed
All Tests	43.1	34.8	35.1	35.2	39.1	35.0

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is slightly more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in using disk space.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	20.2	0.022	10.6	1.3	15.4	0.68
Element Collection Test	9.8	0.018	6.3	1.3	8.0	0.66
Inheritance Test	17.0	0.019	12.2	1.2	14.6	0.63
Indexing Test	19.0	0.028	16.9	1.9	18.0	0.94
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	6.6	failed	7.8	failed	7.2	failed
Multithreading Test	24.1	failed	13.5	failed	18.8	failed
All Tests	16.5	0.022	11.3	1.4	13.9	0.73

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.73) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (13.9) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 19.0 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.022) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (20.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 918 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

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