• Benchmark
• Results
• Comparison

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded vs EclipseLink with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	13.3	0.074	6.9	0.90	10.1	0.49
Element Collection Test	8.6	0.061	5.3	0.65	7.0	0.36
Inheritance Test	12.2	0.083	5.8	0.82	9.0	0.45
Indexing Test	16.7	0.11	9.1	1.6	12.9	0.87
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	6.1	0.24	7.3	0.91	6.7	0.57
Multithreading Test	26.8	0.10	7.0	2.1	16.9	1.1
All Tests	13.9	0.11	6.9	1.2	10.4	0.64

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.64) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (10.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 16.2 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.10) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (26.8) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 268 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	21.8	failed	30.1	failed	25.9	failed
Element Collection Test	0.0068	0.0007	4.5	failed	2.2	0.0007
Inheritance Test	0.0025	failed	2.0	failed	0.98	failed
Indexing Test	22.1	failed	43.6	failed	32.9	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.1	failed	2.1	failed	2.1	failed
Multithreading Test	20.9	failed	23.5	failed	22.2	failed
All Tests	11.1	0.0007	17.6	failed	14.4	0.0007

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	2.8	1.2	0.91	failed	1.9	1.2
Element Collection Test	1.4	0.29	0.95	failed	1.2	0.29
Inheritance Test	2.4	0.69	1.3	failed	1.8	0.69
Indexing Test	15.4	0.0008	34.3	failed	24.9	0.0008
Multithreading Test	1.4	failed	0.53	failed	0.95	failed
All Tests	4.7	0.55	7.6	failed	6.1	0.55

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 6 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	12.0	failed	5.3	failed	8.6	failed
Element Collection Test	0.017	0.0016	3.7	failed	1.8	0.0016
Inheritance Test	0.0098	failed	2.0	failed	0.99	failed
Indexing Test	9.3	failed	5.5	failed	7.4	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.5	failed	1.6	failed	2.1	failed
Multithreading Test	20.0	failed	3.7	failed	11.8	failed
All Tests	7.3	0.0016	3.6	failed	5.5	0.0016

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	21.3	failed	15.7	failed	18.5	failed
Element Collection Test	0.011	0.0006	2.9	failed	1.5	0.0006
Inheritance Test	0.0070	failed	3.5	failed	1.8	failed
Indexing Test	28.8	failed	15.2	failed	22.0	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.9	failed	3.6	failed	3.2	failed
Multithreading Test	26.0	failed	19.6	failed	22.8	failed
All Tests	13.2	0.0006	10.1	failed	11.6	0.0006

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	41.4	79.4	41.4	79.4	41.4	79.4
Element Collection Test	46.9	74.5	46.9	74.5	46.9	74.5
Inheritance Test	41.4	75.0	41.4	75.0	41.4	75.0
Indexing Test	48.4	92.9	49.2	94.5	48.8	93.7
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	28.5	60.6	21.4	48.4	25.0	54.5
Multithreading Test	51.9	100	10.3	100	31.1	100
All Tests	43.1	80.4	35.1	78.6	39.1	79.5

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with SQLite embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded in using disk space. Comparing the normalized score of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (39.1) to the normalized score of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (79.5) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with SQLite embedded is 2.0 times more efficient than OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded.

A large gap has been detected when using multithreading with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized score of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (10.3) to the normalized score of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (100) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with SQLite embedded is 9.7 times more efficient than OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	14.3	0.66	11.8	0.90	13.0	0.74
Element Collection Test	2.0	0.070	3.5	0.65	2.7	0.17
Inheritance Test	2.9	0.38	2.9	0.82	2.9	0.53
Indexing Test	18.5	0.058	21.6	1.6	20.0	0.58
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.4	0.24	3.7	0.91	3.5	0.57
Multithreading Test	19.0	0.10	10.9	2.1	14.9	1.1
All Tests	10.2	0.22	9.2	1.2	9.7	0.52

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.52) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (9.7) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 18.7 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.058) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (18.5) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 319 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.