• Benchmark
• Results
• Comparison

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded vs OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	0.074	5.2	0.90	4.8	0.49	5.0
Element Collection Test	0.061	2.8	0.65	2.2	0.36	2.5
Inheritance Test	0.083	4.6	0.82	3.2	0.45	3.9
Indexing Test	0.11	7.4	1.6	6.9	0.87	7.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.24	0.98	0.91	0.81	0.57	0.89
Multithreading Test	0.10	23.4	2.1	9.1	1.1	16.2
All Tests	0.11	7.4	1.2	4.5	0.64	5.9

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.64) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (5.9) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 9.2 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.10) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (23.4) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 234 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	failed	5.8	failed	16.1	failed	10.9
Element Collection Test	0.0007	0.013	failed	8.7	0.0007	4.4
Inheritance Test	failed	5.2	failed	17.6	failed	11.4
Indexing Test	failed	4.8	failed	18.7	failed	11.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	0.27	failed	0.35	failed	0.31
Multithreading Test	failed	11.9	failed	23.3	failed	17.6
All Tests	0.0007	4.7	failed	14.1	0.0007	9.4

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	1.2	failed	failed	failed	1.2	failed
Element Collection Test	0.29	failed	failed	failed	0.29	failed
Inheritance Test	0.69	failed	failed	failed	0.69	failed
Indexing Test	0.0008	failed	failed	failed	0.0008	failed
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	0.55	failed	failed	failed	0.55	failed

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 6 tests (see exceptions). OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server has failed in 10 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	failed	4.9	failed	3.9	failed	4.4
Element Collection Test	0.0016	0.033	failed	4.6	0.0016	2.3
Inheritance Test	failed	4.8	failed	4.9	failed	4.9
Indexing Test	failed	5.1	failed	6.0	failed	5.6
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	0.57	failed	0.31	failed	0.44
Multithreading Test	failed	22.2	failed	7.4	failed	14.8
All Tests	0.0016	6.3	failed	4.5	0.0016	5.4

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	failed	4.6	failed	5.3	failed	5.0
Element Collection Test	0.0006	0.032	failed	2.8	0.0006	1.4
Inheritance Test	failed	4.3	failed	4.6	failed	4.4
Indexing Test	failed	8.0	failed	7.1	failed	7.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	0.53	failed	0.55	failed	0.54
Multithreading Test	failed	17.4	failed	9.1	failed	13.3
All Tests	0.0006	5.8	failed	4.9	0.0006	5.4

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	0.66	5.1	0.90	7.5	0.74	6.3
Element Collection Test	0.070	0.72	0.65	4.6	0.17	2.6
Inheritance Test	0.38	4.7	0.82	7.6	0.53	6.2
Indexing Test	0.058	6.3	1.6	9.7	0.58	8.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.24	0.59	0.91	0.50	0.57	0.55
Multithreading Test	0.10	18.7	2.1	12.2	1.1	15.5
All Tests	0.22	6.0	1.2	7.0	0.52	6.5

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.52) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (6.5) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 12.5 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.10) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (18.7) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 187 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.