Comparison of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server vs OpenJPA with Derby server

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server
Basic Person Test	5.2	3.1	4.8	2.7	5.0	2.9
Element Collection Test	2.8	2.0	2.2	1.7	2.5	1.8
Inheritance Test	4.6	3.0	3.2	2.3	3.9	2.6
Indexing Test	7.4	4.7	6.9	4.1	7.1	4.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.98	0.71	0.81	0.64	0.89	0.67
Multithreading Test	23.4	6.0	9.1	3.8	16.2	4.9
All Tests	7.4	3.3	4.5	2.5	5.9	2.9

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby server in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (2.9) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (5.9) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 2.0 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

A large performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (6.0) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (23.4) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 3.9 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server
Basic Person Test	5.8	0.78	16.1	11.6	10.9	6.2
Element Collection Test	0.013	0.0024	8.7	1.1	4.4	0.54
Inheritance Test	5.2	0.014	17.6	5.0	11.4	2.5
Indexing Test	4.8	0.62	18.7	13.0	11.8	6.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.27	0.065	0.35	0.39	0.31	0.23
Multithreading Test	11.9	1.6	23.3	19.0	17.6	10.3
All Tests	4.7	0.51	14.1	8.4	9.4	4.4

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (4.4) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (9.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 2.1 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (0.014) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (5.2) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 371 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server
Basic Person Test	failed	29.2	failed	5.5	failed	17.3
Element Collection Test	failed	2.2	failed	1.4	failed	1.8
Inheritance Test	failed	2.2	failed	1.0	failed	1.6
Indexing Test	failed	2.2	failed	11.7	failed	7.0
Multithreading Test	failed	35.5	failed	8.3	failed	21.9
All Tests	failed	14.3	failed	5.6	failed	9.9

OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server has failed in 10 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server
Basic Person Test	4.9	1.5	3.9	4.0	4.4	2.8
Element Collection Test	0.033	0.0081	4.6	1.9	2.3	0.94
Inheritance Test	4.8	0.043	4.9	3.8	4.9	1.9
Indexing Test	5.1	1.8	6.0	6.8	5.6	4.3
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.57	0.16	0.31	0.27	0.44	0.22
Multithreading Test	22.2	6.9	7.4	5.0	14.8	5.9
All Tests	6.3	1.7	4.5	3.6	5.4	2.7

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby server in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (2.7) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (5.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 2.0 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (0.043) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (4.8) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 112 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server
Basic Person Test	4.6	1.4	5.3	3.7	5.0	2.5
Element Collection Test	0.032	0.0082	2.8	1.4	1.4	0.71
Inheritance Test	4.3	0.035	4.6	2.5	4.4	1.3
Indexing Test	8.0	2.3	7.1	3.5	7.5	2.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.53	0.13	0.55	0.35	0.54	0.24
Multithreading Test	17.4	3.6	9.1	4.0	13.3	3.8
All Tests	5.8	1.3	4.9	2.6	5.4	1.9

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby server in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (1.9) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (5.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 2.8 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (0.035) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (4.3) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 123 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server
Basic Person Test	5.1	7.2	7.5	5.5	6.3	6.4
Element Collection Test	0.72	0.84	4.6	1.5	2.6	1.2
Inheritance Test	4.7	1.1	7.6	2.9	6.2	2.0
Indexing Test	6.3	2.3	9.7	7.8	8.0	5.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.59	0.27	0.50	0.41	0.55	0.34
Multithreading Test	18.7	10.7	12.2	8.0	15.5	9.4
All Tests	6.0	3.9	7.0	4.5	6.5	4.2

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby server in performing JPA database operations.

A large performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (1.1) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (4.7) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 4.3 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)