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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of OpenJPA with Derby server vs DataNucleus with DB4O embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	3.1	0.059	2.7	1.3	2.9	0.69
Element Collection Test	2.0	0.045	1.7	1.0	1.8	0.52
Inheritance Test	3.0	0.051	2.3	0.85	2.6	0.45
Indexing Test	4.7	0.080	4.1	2.3	4.4	1.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.71	failed	0.64	failed	0.67	failed
Multithreading Test	6.0	failed	3.8	failed	4.9	failed
All Tests	3.3	0.059	2.5	1.4	2.9	0.71

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.71) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (2.9) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby server is 4.1 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.051) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (3.0) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby server is 58.8 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	0.78	0.0047	11.6	1.8	6.2	0.90
Element Collection Test	0.0024	0.0038	1.1	1.5	0.54	0.77
Inheritance Test	0.014	0.0035	5.0	2.2	2.5	1.1
Indexing Test	0.62	0.0043	13.0	1.8	6.8	0.89
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.065	failed	0.39	failed	0.23	failed
Multithreading Test	1.6	failed	19.0	failed	10.3	failed
All Tests	0.51	0.0041	8.4	1.8	4.4	0.91

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.91) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (4.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby server is 4.8 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.0047) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (0.78) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby server is 166 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	29.2	failed	5.5	failed	17.3	failed
Element Collection Test	2.2	failed	1.4	failed	1.8	failed
Inheritance Test	2.2	failed	1.0	failed	1.6	failed
Indexing Test	2.2	failed	11.7	failed	7.0	failed
Multithreading Test	35.5	failed	8.3	failed	21.9	failed
All Tests	14.3	failed	5.6	failed	9.9	failed

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 10 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	1.5	0.012	4.0	0.76	2.8	0.39
Element Collection Test	0.0081	0.012	1.9	1.1	0.94	0.53
Inheritance Test	0.043	0.011	3.8	0.81	1.9	0.41
Indexing Test	1.8	0.011	6.8	1.3	4.3	0.64
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.16	failed	0.27	failed	0.22	failed
Multithreading Test	6.9	failed	5.0	failed	5.9	failed
All Tests	1.7	0.012	3.6	0.97	2.7	0.49

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.49) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (2.7) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby server is 5.5 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (1.8) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby server is 164 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	1.4	0.011	3.7	1.5	2.5	0.74
Element Collection Test	0.0082	0.010	1.4	1.6	0.71	0.80
Inheritance Test	0.035	0.0093	2.5	1.1	1.3	0.57
Indexing Test	2.3	0.017	3.5	2.1	2.9	1.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.13	failed	0.35	failed	0.24	failed
Multithreading Test	3.6	failed	4.0	failed	3.8	failed
All Tests	1.3	0.012	2.6	1.6	1.9	0.79

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby server is more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.79) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (1.9) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby server is 2.4 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.017) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (2.3) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby server is 135 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	7.2	0.022	5.5	1.3	6.4	0.68
Element Collection Test	0.84	0.018	1.5	1.3	1.2	0.66
Inheritance Test	1.1	0.019	2.9	1.2	2.0	0.63
Indexing Test	2.3	0.028	7.8	1.9	5.1	0.94
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.27	failed	0.41	failed	0.34	failed
Multithreading Test	10.7	failed	8.0	failed	9.4	failed
All Tests	3.9	0.022	4.5	1.4	4.2	0.73

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.73) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (4.2) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby server is 5.8 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.022) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (7.2) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby server is 327 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

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The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.