Comparison of OpenJPA with Derby server vs Hibernate with PostgreSQL server

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	3.1	7.1	2.7	3.4	2.9	5.2
Element Collection Test	2.0	2.9	1.7	1.7	1.8	2.3
Inheritance Test	3.0	7.0	2.3	3.6	2.6	5.3
Indexing Test	4.7	9.3	4.1	6.1	4.4	7.7
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.71	3.0	0.64	2.9	0.67	2.9
Multithreading Test	6.0	31.7	3.8	13.9	4.9	22.8
All Tests	3.3	10.2	2.5	5.3	2.9	7.7

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby server in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (2.9) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (7.7) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 2.7 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

A large performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (6.0) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (31.7) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 5.3 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	0.78	5.5	11.6	11.5	6.2	8.5
Element Collection Test	0.0024	0.025	1.1	0.017	0.54	0.021
Inheritance Test	0.014	5.2	5.0	14.0	2.5	9.6
Indexing Test	0.62	4.6	13.0	13.3	6.8	8.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.065	0.61	0.39	0.78	0.23	0.70
Multithreading Test	1.6	11.3	19.0	17.0	10.3	14.2
All Tests	0.51	4.5	8.4	9.4	4.4	7.0

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (0.014) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (5.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 371 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with large retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.017) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (1.1) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 64.7 times slower than OpenJPA with Derby server.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	29.2	55.5	5.5	6.1	17.3	30.8
Element Collection Test	2.2	11.0	1.4	0.016	1.8	5.5
Inheritance Test	2.2	52.3	1.0	8.7	1.6	30.5
Indexing Test	2.2	0.050	11.7	8.8	7.0	4.4
Multithreading Test	35.5	55.2	8.3	9.2	21.9	32.2
All Tests	14.3	34.8	5.6	6.6	9.9	20.7

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby server in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (9.9) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (20.7) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 2.1 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (2.2) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (52.3) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 23.8 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with large retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.016) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (1.4) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 87.5 times slower than OpenJPA with Derby server.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	1.5	5.3	4.0	2.7	2.8	4.0
Element Collection Test	0.0081	0.067	1.9	0.026	0.94	0.046
Inheritance Test	0.043	5.4	3.8	3.8	1.9	4.6
Indexing Test	1.8	5.4	6.8	4.3	4.3	4.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.16	1.1	0.27	0.58	0.22	0.82
Multithreading Test	6.9	29.6	5.0	6.3	5.9	18.0
All Tests	1.7	7.8	3.6	2.9	2.7	5.4

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby server in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (2.7) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (5.4) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 2.0 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (0.043) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (5.4) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 126 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.026) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (1.9) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 73.1 times slower than OpenJPA with Derby server.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	1.4	5.3	3.7	4.2	2.5	4.8
Element Collection Test	0.0082	0.020	1.4	stopped	0.71	0.0098
Inheritance Test	0.035	5.1	2.5	4.2	1.3	4.6
Indexing Test	2.3	9.5	3.5	6.3	2.9	7.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.13	0.012	0.35	0.012	0.24	0.012
Multithreading Test	3.6	23.3	4.0	21.8	3.8	22.5
All Tests	1.3	7.2	2.6	6.1	1.9	6.6

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby server in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (1.9) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (6.6) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 3.5 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (0.035) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (5.1) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 146 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using graphs of objects with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.012) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (0.35) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 29.2 times slower than OpenJPA with Derby server.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	7.2	15.7	5.5	5.6	6.4	10.7
Element Collection Test	0.84	2.8	1.5	0.35	1.2	1.6
Inheritance Test	1.1	15.0	2.9	6.9	2.0	10.9
Indexing Test	2.3	5.8	7.8	7.8	5.1	6.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.27	1.2	0.41	1.1	0.34	1.1
Multithreading Test	10.7	30.2	8.0	13.6	9.4	21.9
All Tests	3.9	12.1	4.5	6.0	4.2	9.1

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby server in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (4.2) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (9.1) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 2.2 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (1.1) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (15.0) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 13.6 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with large transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.35) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (1.5) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 4.3 times slower than OpenJPA with Derby server.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)