Comparison of Hibernate with PostgreSQL server vs EclipseLink with H2 embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	7.1	25.1	3.4	8.9	5.2	17.0
Element Collection Test	2.9	20.4	1.7	8.0	2.3	14.2
Inheritance Test	7.0	28.7	3.6	8.7	5.3	18.7
Indexing Test	9.3	37.6	6.1	14.0	7.7	25.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.0	17.7	2.9	14.7	2.9	16.2
Multithreading Test	31.7	30.3	13.9	11.4	22.8	20.8
All Tests	10.2	26.6	5.3	10.9	7.7	18.8

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with H2 embedded is more efficient than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (7.7) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (18.8) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 2.4 times faster than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server.

A large performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (2.9) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (20.4) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 7.0 times faster than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	5.5	30.4	11.5	29.1	8.5	29.7
Element Collection Test	0.025	19.6	0.017	27.6	0.021	23.6
Inheritance Test	5.2	33.8	14.0	39.8	9.6	36.8
Indexing Test	4.6	22.2	13.3	41.3	8.9	31.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.61	16.0	0.78	20.0	0.70	18.0
Multithreading Test	11.3	33.7	17.0	29.0	14.2	31.4
All Tests	4.5	25.9	9.4	31.1	7.0	28.5

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (7.0) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (28.5) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 4.1 times faster than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with large retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.017) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (27.6) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 1,624 times faster than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	55.5	4.4	6.1	1.4	30.8	2.9
Element Collection Test	11.0	4.1	0.016	2.4	5.5	3.2
Inheritance Test	52.3	3.4	8.7	2.0	30.5	2.7
Indexing Test	0.050	13.0	8.8	22.8	4.4	17.9
Multithreading Test	55.2	1.0	9.2	0.67	32.2	0.85
All Tests	34.8	5.2	6.6	5.9	20.7	5.5

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than EclipseLink with H2 embedded in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (5.5) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (20.7) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 3.8 times faster than EclipseLink with H2 embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (1.0) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (55.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 55.2 times faster than EclipseLink with H2 embedded.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.050) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (13.0) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 260 times slower than EclipseLink with H2 embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	5.3	16.6	2.7	7.6	4.0	12.1
Element Collection Test	0.067	15.3	0.026	10.5	0.046	12.9
Inheritance Test	5.4	15.7	3.8	9.8	4.6	12.7
Indexing Test	5.4	12.1	4.3	9.9	4.8	11.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.1	13.7	0.58	7.0	0.82	10.3
Multithreading Test	29.6	20.9	6.3	4.2	18.0	12.6
All Tests	7.8	15.7	2.9	8.2	5.4	12.0

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with H2 embedded is more efficient than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (5.4) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (12.0) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 2.2 times faster than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.026) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (10.5) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 404 times faster than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	5.3	35.1	4.2	19.6	4.8	27.4
Element Collection Test	0.020	19.3	stopped	8.5	0.0098	13.9
Inheritance Test	5.1	36.0	4.2	14.0	4.6	25.0
Indexing Test	9.5	42.5	6.3	19.2	7.9	30.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.012	12.2	0.012	14.4	0.012	13.3
Multithreading Test	23.3	54.4	21.8	25.8	22.5	40.1
All Tests	7.2	33.3	6.1	16.9	6.6	25.1

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (6.6) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (25.1) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 3.8 times faster than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.012) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (14.4) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 1,200 times faster than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	15.7	22.3	5.6	13.3	10.7	17.8
Element Collection Test	2.8	15.7	0.35	11.4	1.6	13.6
Inheritance Test	15.0	23.5	6.9	14.9	10.9	19.2
Indexing Test	5.8	25.5	7.8	21.5	6.8	23.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.2	14.9	1.1	14.0	1.1	14.5
Multithreading Test	30.2	28.1	13.6	14.2	21.9	21.1
All Tests	12.1	21.9	6.0	14.9	9.1	18.4

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with H2 embedded is more efficient than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (9.1) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (18.4) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 2.0 times faster than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with large transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.35) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (11.4) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 32.6 times faster than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)