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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of EclipseLink with H2 embedded vs Hibernate with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	25.1	0.083	8.9	1.0	17.0	0.55
Element Collection Test	20.4	0.067	8.0	0.69	14.2	0.38
Inheritance Test	28.7	0.080	8.7	0.99	18.7	0.54
Indexing Test	37.6	0.098	14.0	1.0	25.8	0.55
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	17.7	0.27	14.7	0.96	16.2	0.61
Multithreading Test	30.3	failed	11.4	failed	20.8	failed
All Tests	26.6	0.12	10.9	0.93	18.8	0.53

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.53) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (18.8) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 35.5 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.098) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (37.6) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 384 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	30.4	1.8	29.1	1.3	29.7	1.5
Element Collection Test	19.6	0.0008	27.6	failed	23.6	0.0008
Inheritance Test	33.8	2.4	39.8	1.4	36.8	1.9
Indexing Test	22.2	1.9	41.3	2.3	31.8	2.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	16.0	0.56	20.0	0.88	18.0	0.72
Multithreading Test	33.7	failed	29.0	failed	31.4	failed
All Tests	25.9	1.3	31.1	1.5	28.5	1.4

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.4) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (28.5) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 20.4 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0008) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (19.6) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 24,500 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	4.4	1.1	1.4	0.22	2.9	0.65
Element Collection Test	4.1	0.39	2.4	failed	3.2	0.39
Inheritance Test	3.4	0.53	2.0	0.28	2.7	0.40
Indexing Test	13.0	0.0011	22.8	0.43	17.9	0.21
Multithreading Test	1.0	failed	0.67	failed	0.85	failed
All Tests	5.2	0.50	5.9	0.31	5.5	0.42

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.42) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (5.5) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 13.1 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0011) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (13.0) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 11,818 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	16.6	0.076	7.6	0.65	12.1	0.37
Element Collection Test	15.3	0.0022	10.5	failed	12.9	0.0022
Inheritance Test	15.7	0.079	9.8	0.97	12.7	0.53
Indexing Test	12.1	0.057	9.9	0.54	11.0	0.30
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	13.7	0.26	7.0	0.42	10.3	0.34
Multithreading Test	20.9	failed	4.2	failed	12.6	failed
All Tests	15.7	0.094	8.2	0.65	12.0	0.34

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.34) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (12.0) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 35.3 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0022) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (15.3) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 6,955 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	35.1	0.061	19.6	0.91	27.4	0.49
Element Collection Test	19.3	0.0007	8.5	failed	13.9	0.0007
Inheritance Test	36.0	0.058	14.0	0.90	25.0	0.48
Indexing Test	42.5	0.079	19.2	0.54	30.9	0.31
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	12.2	0.24	14.4	0.80	13.3	0.52
Multithreading Test	54.4	failed	25.8	failed	40.1	failed
All Tests	33.3	0.088	16.9	0.79	25.1	0.40

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.40) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (25.1) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 62.8 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0007) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (19.3) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 27,571 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	36.2	90.2	39.2	90.2	37.7	90.2
Element Collection Test	33.3	82.0	34.9	82.0	34.1	82.0
Inheritance Test	35.4	80.5	36.2	80.5	35.8	80.5
Indexing Test	39.8	93.4	43.7	94.8	41.7	94.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	41.0	67.9	28.4	50.9	34.7	59.4
Multithreading Test	48.7	failed	12.4	failed	30.6	failed
All Tests	39.1	82.8	32.5	79.7	35.8	81.2

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with SQLite embedded is more efficient than EclipseLink with H2 embedded in using disk space. Comparing the normalized score of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (35.8) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (81.2) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 2.3 times more efficient than EclipseLink with H2 embedded.

A large gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized score of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (36.2) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (90.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 2.5 times more efficient than EclipseLink with H2 embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	22.3	0.63	13.3	0.81	17.8	0.72
Element Collection Test	15.7	0.092	11.4	0.69	13.6	0.19
Inheritance Test	23.5	0.63	14.9	0.91	19.2	0.77
Indexing Test	25.5	0.42	21.5	0.96	23.5	0.69
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	14.9	0.33	14.0	0.77	14.5	0.55
Multithreading Test	28.1	failed	14.2	failed	21.1	failed
All Tests	21.9	0.42	14.9	0.86	18.4	0.62

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.62) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (18.4) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 29.7 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.092) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (15.7) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 171 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.