Comparison of EclipseLink with H2 embedded vs OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	25.1	13.3	8.9	6.9	17.0	10.1
Element Collection Test	20.4	8.6	8.0	5.3	14.2	7.0
Inheritance Test	28.7	12.2	8.7	5.8	18.7	9.0
Indexing Test	37.6	16.7	14.0	9.1	25.8	12.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	17.7	6.1	14.7	7.3	16.2	6.7
Multithreading Test	30.3	26.8	11.4	7.0	20.8	16.9
All Tests	26.6	13.9	10.9	6.9	18.8	10.4

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with H2 embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database.

A large performance gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (6.1) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (17.7) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 2.9 times faster than OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	30.4	21.8	29.1	30.1	29.7	25.9
Element Collection Test	19.6	0.0068	27.6	4.5	23.6	2.2
Inheritance Test	33.8	0.0025	39.8	2.0	36.8	0.98
Indexing Test	22.2	22.1	41.3	43.6	31.8	32.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	16.0	2.1	20.0	2.1	18.0	2.1
Multithreading Test	33.7	20.9	29.0	23.5	31.4	22.2
All Tests	25.9	11.1	31.1	17.6	28.5	14.4

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with H2 embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (0.0025) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (33.8) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 13,520 times faster than OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	4.4	2.8	1.4	0.91	2.9	1.9
Element Collection Test	4.1	1.4	2.4	0.95	3.2	1.2
Inheritance Test	3.4	2.4	2.0	1.3	2.7	1.8
Indexing Test	13.0	15.4	22.8	34.3	17.9	24.9
Multithreading Test	1.0	1.4	0.67	0.53	0.85	0.95
All Tests	5.2	4.7	5.9	7.6	5.5	6.1

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is slightly more efficient than EclipseLink with H2 embedded in executing the tested JPA queries.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (1.4) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (4.1) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 2.9 times slower than EclipseLink with H2 embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	16.6	12.0	7.6	5.3	12.1	8.6
Element Collection Test	15.3	0.017	10.5	3.7	12.9	1.8
Inheritance Test	15.7	0.0098	9.8	2.0	12.7	0.99
Indexing Test	12.1	9.3	9.9	5.5	11.0	7.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	13.7	2.5	7.0	1.6	10.3	2.1
Multithreading Test	20.9	20.0	4.2	3.7	12.6	11.8
All Tests	15.7	7.3	8.2	3.6	12.0	5.5

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with H2 embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (5.5) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (12.0) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 2.2 times faster than OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (0.0098) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (15.7) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 1,602 times faster than OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	35.1	21.3	19.6	15.7	27.4	18.5
Element Collection Test	19.3	0.011	8.5	2.9	13.9	1.5
Inheritance Test	36.0	0.0070	14.0	3.5	25.0	1.8
Indexing Test	42.5	28.8	19.2	15.2	30.9	22.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	12.2	2.9	14.4	3.6	13.3	3.2
Multithreading Test	54.4	26.0	25.8	19.6	40.1	22.8
All Tests	33.3	13.2	16.9	10.1	25.1	11.6

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with H2 embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (11.6) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (25.1) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 2.2 times faster than OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (0.0070) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (36.0) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 5,143 times faster than OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	36.2	41.4	39.2	41.4	37.7	41.4
Element Collection Test	33.3	46.9	34.9	46.9	34.1	46.9
Inheritance Test	35.4	41.4	36.2	41.4	35.8	41.4
Indexing Test	39.8	48.4	43.7	49.2	41.7	48.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	41.0	28.5	28.4	21.4	34.7	25.0
Multithreading Test	48.7	51.9	12.4	10.3	30.6	31.1
All Tests	39.1	43.1	32.5	35.1	35.8	39.1

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is slightly more efficient than EclipseLink with H2 embedded in using disk space.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	EclipseLink H2 embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	22.3	14.3	13.3	11.8	17.8	13.0
Element Collection Test	15.7	2.0	11.4	3.5	13.6	2.7
Inheritance Test	23.5	2.9	14.9	2.9	19.2	2.9
Indexing Test	25.5	18.5	21.5	21.6	23.5	20.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	14.9	3.4	14.0	3.7	14.5	3.5
Multithreading Test	28.1	19.0	14.2	10.9	21.1	14.9
All Tests	21.9	10.2	14.9	9.2	18.4	9.7

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with H2 embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded in performing JPA database operations.

A large performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (2.9) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with H2 embedded database (23.5) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with H2 embedded is 8.1 times faster than OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)