Comparison of Hibernate with PostgreSQL server vs OpenJPA with Derby embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	7.1	4.8	3.4	2.9	5.2	3.9
Element Collection Test	2.9	2.8	1.7	1.9	2.3	2.4
Inheritance Test	7.0	4.1	3.6	2.4	5.3	3.3
Indexing Test	9.3	6.1	6.1	4.1	7.7	5.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.0	1.5	2.9	1.4	2.9	1.4
Multithreading Test	31.7	8.7	13.9	3.3	22.8	6.0
All Tests	10.2	4.7	5.3	2.7	7.7	3.7

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (3.7) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (7.7) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 2.1 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

A large performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (3.3) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (13.9) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 4.2 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	5.5	14.8	11.5	22.6	8.5	18.7
Element Collection Test	0.025	0.0031	0.017	2.3	0.021	1.2
Inheritance Test	5.2	0.015	14.0	7.0	9.6	3.5
Indexing Test	4.6	11.7	13.3	26.5	8.9	19.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.61	0.93	0.78	1.2	0.70	1.1
Multithreading Test	11.3	25.2	17.0	28.6	14.2	26.9
All Tests	4.5	8.8	9.4	14.7	7.0	11.7

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is more efficient than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with large retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.017) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (2.3) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 135 times faster than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is slower, for instance, when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (0.015) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (5.2) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 347 times slower than Hibernate with PostgreSQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	55.5	49.7	6.1	9.9	30.8	29.8
Element Collection Test	11.0	2.7	0.016	9.6	5.5	6.1
Inheritance Test	52.3	2.3	8.7	1.3	30.5	1.8
Indexing Test	0.050	7.0	8.8	17.1	4.4	12.1
Multithreading Test	55.2	40.9	9.2	11.7	32.2	26.3
All Tests	34.8	20.5	6.6	9.9	20.7	15.2

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby embedded in executing the tested JPA queries.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (2.3) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (52.3) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 22.7 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with large retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.016) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (9.6) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 600 times slower than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	5.3	5.6	2.7	5.2	4.0	5.4
Element Collection Test	0.067	0.0090	0.026	2.2	0.046	1.1
Inheritance Test	5.4	0.045	3.8	4.6	4.6	2.3
Indexing Test	5.4	6.1	4.3	8.7	4.8	7.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.1	1.6	0.58	0.91	0.82	1.3
Multithreading Test	29.6	18.3	6.3	4.5	18.0	11.4
All Tests	7.8	5.3	2.9	4.4	5.4	4.8

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slightly more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (0.045) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (5.4) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 120 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.026) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (2.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 84.6 times slower than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	5.3	4.2	4.2	4.5	4.8	4.3
Element Collection Test	0.020	0.0071	stopped	1.6	0.0098	0.80
Inheritance Test	5.1	0.035	4.2	3.0	4.6	1.5
Indexing Test	9.5	5.3	6.3	3.6	7.9	4.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.012	0.80	0.012	0.93	0.012	0.86
Multithreading Test	23.3	5.7	21.8	6.2	22.5	6.0
All Tests	7.2	2.7	6.1	3.3	6.6	3.0

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (3.0) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (6.6) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 2.2 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (0.035) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (5.1) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 146 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using graphs of objects with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.012) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (0.93) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 77.5 times slower than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	15.7	15.8	5.6	9.0	10.7	12.4
Element Collection Test	2.8	1.1	0.35	3.5	1.6	2.3
Inheritance Test	15.0	1.3	6.9	3.7	10.9	2.5
Indexing Test	5.8	7.2	7.8	12.0	6.8	9.6
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2
Multithreading Test	30.2	19.8	13.6	10.9	21.9	15.3
All Tests	12.1	8.0	6.0	6.9	9.1	7.4

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slightly more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby embedded in performing JPA database operations.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (1.3) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (15.0) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 11.5 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with large transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.35) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (3.5) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 10.0 times slower than OpenJPA with Derby embedded.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)