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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server vs DataNucleus with DB4O embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	5.2	0.059	4.8	1.3	5.0	0.69
Element Collection Test	2.8	0.045	2.2	1.0	2.5	0.52
Inheritance Test	4.6	0.051	3.2	0.85	3.9	0.45
Indexing Test	7.4	0.080	6.9	2.3	7.1	1.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.98	failed	0.81	failed	0.89	failed
Multithreading Test	23.4	failed	9.1	failed	16.2	failed
All Tests	7.4	0.059	4.5	1.4	5.9	0.71

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.71) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (5.9) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 8.3 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.080) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (7.4) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 92.5 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	5.8	0.0047	16.1	1.8	10.9	0.90
Element Collection Test	0.013	0.0038	8.7	1.5	4.4	0.77
Inheritance Test	5.2	0.0035	17.6	2.2	11.4	1.1
Indexing Test	4.8	0.0043	18.7	1.8	11.8	0.89
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.27	failed	0.35	failed	0.31	failed
Multithreading Test	11.9	failed	23.3	failed	17.6	failed
All Tests	4.7	0.0041	14.1	1.8	9.4	0.91

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.91) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (9.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 10.3 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.0035) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (5.2) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 1,486 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
Element Collection Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
Inheritance Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
Indexing Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	4.9	0.012	3.9	0.76	4.4	0.39
Element Collection Test	0.033	0.012	4.6	1.1	2.3	0.53
Inheritance Test	4.8	0.011	4.9	0.81	4.9	0.41
Indexing Test	5.1	0.011	6.0	1.3	5.6	0.64
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.57	failed	0.31	failed	0.44	failed
Multithreading Test	22.2	failed	7.4	failed	14.8	failed
All Tests	6.3	0.012	4.5	0.97	5.4	0.49

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.49) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (5.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 11.0 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (5.1) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 464 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	4.6	0.011	5.3	1.5	5.0	0.74
Element Collection Test	0.032	0.010	2.8	1.6	1.4	0.80
Inheritance Test	4.3	0.0093	4.6	1.1	4.4	0.57
Indexing Test	8.0	0.017	7.1	2.1	7.5	1.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.53	failed	0.55	failed	0.54	failed
Multithreading Test	17.4	failed	9.1	failed	13.3	failed
All Tests	5.8	0.012	4.9	1.6	5.4	0.79

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.79) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (5.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 6.8 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.017) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (8.0) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 471 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	5.1	0.022	7.5	1.3	6.3	0.68
Element Collection Test	0.72	0.018	4.6	1.3	2.6	0.66
Inheritance Test	4.7	0.019	7.6	1.2	6.2	0.63
Indexing Test	6.3	0.028	9.7	1.9	8.0	0.94
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.59	failed	0.50	failed	0.55	failed
Multithreading Test	18.7	failed	12.2	failed	15.5	failed
All Tests	6.0	0.022	7.0	1.4	6.5	0.73

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.73) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (6.5) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 8.9 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.019) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (4.7) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server is 247 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

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