When one or more of the All filters is selected - only average normalized results are displayed. Please read Running and Results for more details.
Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations per second (higher is better)
  | Derby embedded | H2 embedded | HSQLDB embedded | SQLite embedded | DB4O embedded | ObjectDB embedded | Derby server | H2 server | MySQL server | PostgreSQL server | ObjectDB server |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DataNucleus | 3,538 | 20,962 | 15,492 | failed | 1,406 | 4,879 | 2,612 | 2,065 | |||
EclipseLink | 4,489 | 40,221 | 45,461 | 535 | 4,325 | 10,623 | 3,805 | 7,902 | |||
Hibernate | 4,286 | 39,084 | 31,278 | 614 | 4,080 | 7,803 | 3,461 | 6,868 | |||
OpenJPA | 3,372 | 15,491 | 13,808 | 1,604 | 2,510 | 1,543 | 2,236 | ||||
ObjectDB | 200,922 | 227,327 |
Performance comparison chart - The Y-Axis represents normalized score in logarithmic scale - higher is better:
Performance comparison chart - The Y-Axis represents normalized score in linear scale - higher is better:
Best and Worst JPA/Database Performer in this comparison
The Most Efficient (the Fastest):
1. | ObjectDB server | 100 |
2. | ObjectDB embedded | 88.4 |
3. | EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded | 20.0 |
4. | EclipseLink with H2 embedded | 17.7 |
5. | Hibernate with H2 embedded | 17.2 |
6. | Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded | 13.8 |
7. | DataNucleus with H2 embedded | 9.2 |
8. | DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded | 6.8 |
9. | OpenJPA with H2 embedded | 6.8 |
10. | OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded | 6.1 |
11. | EclipseLink with H2 server | 4.7 |
12. | EclipseLink with PostgreSQL server | 3.5 |
13. | Hibernate with H2 server | 3.4 |
14. | Hibernate with PostgreSQL server | 3.0 |
15. | DataNucleus with H2 server | 2.1 |
16. | EclipseLink with Derby embedded | 2.0 |
17. | EclipseLink with Derby server | 1.9 |
The Least Efficient (the Slowest):
18. | Hibernate with Derby embedded | 1.9 |
19. | Hibernate with Derby server | 1.8 |
20. | EclipseLink with MySQL server | 1.7 |
21. | DataNucleus with Derby embedded | 1.6 |
22. | Hibernate with MySQL server | 1.5 |
23. | OpenJPA with Derby embedded | 1.5 |
24. | DataNucleus with MySQL server | 1.1 |
25. | OpenJPA with H2 server | 1.1 |
26. | OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server | 0.98 |
27. | DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server | 0.91 |
28. | OpenJPA with Derby server | 0.71 |
29. | OpenJPA with MySQL server | 0.68 |
30. | DataNucleus with Derby server | 0.62 |
31. | Hibernate with SQLite embedded | 0.27 |
32. | EclipseLink with SQLite embedded | 0.24 |
33. | DataNucleus with DB4O embedded | 0.0000 |
Problems (Exceptions) in these tests
- DataNucleus with DB4O embedded
javax.persistence.PersistenceException: Object "org.jpab.node.Node@538eb7b8" being inserted has id "130003" yet an object with this id already exists in the datastore! at org.datanucleus.api.jpa.NucleusJPAHelper.getJPAExceptionForNucleusException(NucleusJPAHelper.java:302) at org.datanucleus.api.jpa.JPAEntityTransaction.commit(JPAEntityTransaction.java:122) at org.jpab.Test.persist(Test.java:217) at org.jpab.Test.persist(Test.java:200) at org.jpab.Runner$PersistAction.run0(Runner.java:538) at org.jpab.Runner$TestAction.run(Runner.java:517) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662) Caused by: org.datanucleus.exceptions.NucleusUserException: Object "org.jpab.node.Node@538eb7b8" being inserted has id "130003" yet an object with this id already exists in the datastore! at org.datanucleus.store.db4o.DB4OPersistenceHandler.insertObject(DB4OPersistenceHandler.java:140) at org.datanucleus.state.JDOStateManager.internalMakePersistent(JDOStateManager.java:2371) at org.datanucleus.state.JDOStateManager.flush(JDOStateManager.java:3803) at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.flushInternalWithOrdering(ObjectManagerImpl.java:3854) at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.flushInternal(ObjectManagerImpl.java:3755) at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.flush(ObjectManagerImpl.java:3701) at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.preCommit(ObjectManagerImpl.java:4084) at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl$2.transactionPreCommit(ObjectManagerImpl.java:398) at org.datanucleus.TransactionImpl.internalPreCommit(TransactionImpl.java:370) at org.datanucleus.TransactionImpl.commit(TransactionImpl.java:259) at org.datanucleus.api.jpa.JPAEntityTransaction.commit(JPAEntityTransaction.java:103) ... 5 more
The results above are in use in calculating the following average results
- All Tests - All Operations - All Batch Size Modes
- All Tests - All Operations - Few Entities (5/100)
- All Tests - Persistence Operations - All Batch Size Modes
- All Tests - Persistence Operations - Few Entities (5/100)
- Graph (Binary Tree) Test - All Operations - All Batch Size Modes
- Graph (Binary Tree) Test - All Operations - Few Entities (5/100)
- Graph (Binary Tree) Test - Persistence Operations - All Batch Size Modes