Choose benchmark test, operation and batch mode:

When one or more of the All filters is selected - only average normalized results are displayed. Please read Running and Results for more details.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations per second (higher is better)

 Derby
embedded		H2
embedded		HSQLDB
embedded		SQLite
embedded		DB4O
embedded		ObjectDB
embedded		Derby
server		H2
server		MySQL
server		PostgreSQL
server		ObjectDB
server
DataNucleus3,81217,22912,460 failed 1,4703,7192,7312,130 
EclipseLink5,13140,79544,1612,528  4,6429,5723,5059,280 
Hibernate4,68055,82643,3312,658  4,32010,9343,3107,925 
OpenJPA3,77818,51020,238   1,7662,3401,5882,235 
ObjectDB     277,207    247,351

Performance comparison chart - The Y-Axis represents normalized score in logarithmic scale - higher is better:
JPA performance benchmark comparision Hibernate, EclipseLink, OpenJPA, DataNucleus, ObjectDB

Performance comparison chart - The Y-Axis represents normalized score in linear scale - higher is better:
JPA performance benchmark comparision Hibernate, EclipseLink, OpenJPA, DataNucleus, ObjectDB

Best and Worst JPA/Database Performer in this comparison

The Most Efficient (the Fastest):

1. ObjectDB embedded100
2. ObjectDB server89.2
3. Hibernate with H2 embedded20.1
4. EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded15.9
5. Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded15.6
6. EclipseLink with H2 embedded14.7
7. OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded7.3
8. OpenJPA with H2 embedded6.7
9. DataNucleus with H2 embedded6.2
10. DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded4.5
11. Hibernate with H2 server3.9
12. EclipseLink with H2 server3.5
13. EclipseLink with PostgreSQL server3.3
14. Hibernate with PostgreSQL server2.9
15. EclipseLink with Derby embedded1.9
16. Hibernate with Derby embedded1.7
17. EclipseLink with Derby server1.7

The Least Efficient (the Slowest):

18. Hibernate with Derby server1.6
19. DataNucleus with Derby embedded1.4
20. OpenJPA with Derby embedded1.4
21. DataNucleus with H2 server1.3
22. EclipseLink with MySQL server1.3
23. Hibernate with MySQL server1.2
24. DataNucleus with MySQL server0.99
25. Hibernate with SQLite embedded0.96
26. EclipseLink with SQLite embedded0.91
27. OpenJPA with H2 server0.84
28. OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server0.81
29. DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server0.77
30. OpenJPA with Derby server0.64
31. OpenJPA with MySQL server0.57
32. DataNucleus with Derby server0.53
33. DataNucleus with DB4O embedded0.0000

Problems (Exceptions) in these tests

  • DataNucleus with DB4O embedded
    javax.persistence.PersistenceException: Object "org.jpab.node.Node@8135daf" being inserted has id "130003" yet an object with this id already exists in the datastore!
	at org.datanucleus.api.jpa.NucleusJPAHelper.getJPAExceptionForNucleusException(NucleusJPAHelper.java:302)
	at org.datanucleus.api.jpa.JPAEntityTransaction.commit(JPAEntityTransaction.java:122)
	at org.jpab.Test.persist(Test.java:217)
	at org.jpab.Test.persist(Test.java:200)
	at org.jpab.Runner$PersistAction.run0(Runner.java:538)
	at org.jpab.Runner$TestAction.run(Runner.java:517)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
Caused by: org.datanucleus.exceptions.NucleusUserException: Object "org.jpab.node.Node@8135daf" being inserted has id "130003" yet an object with this id already exists in the datastore!
	at org.datanucleus.store.db4o.DB4OPersistenceHandler.insertObject(DB4OPersistenceHandler.java:140)
	at org.datanucleus.state.JDOStateManager.internalMakePersistent(JDOStateManager.java:2371)
	at org.datanucleus.state.JDOStateManager.flush(JDOStateManager.java:3803)
	at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.flushInternalWithOrdering(ObjectManagerImpl.java:3854)
	at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.flushInternal(ObjectManagerImpl.java:3755)
	at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.flush(ObjectManagerImpl.java:3701)
	at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.preCommit(ObjectManagerImpl.java:4084)
	at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl$2.transactionPreCommit(ObjectManagerImpl.java:398)
	at org.datanucleus.TransactionImpl.internalPreCommit(TransactionImpl.java:370)
	at org.datanucleus.TransactionImpl.commit(TransactionImpl.java:259)
	at org.datanucleus.api.jpa.JPAEntityTransaction.commit(JPAEntityTransaction.java:103)
	... 5 more