Choose benchmark test, operation and batch mode:

When one or more of the All filters is selected - only average normalized results are displayed. Please read Running and Results for more details.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations per second (higher is better)

 Derby
embedded		H2
embedded		HSQLDB
embedded		SQLite
embedded		DB4O
embedded		ObjectDB
embedded		Derby
server		H2
server		MySQL
server		PostgreSQL
server		ObjectDB
server
DataNucleus7,28418,4787,548 failed 2,0762,9952,376994 
EclipseLink8,31835,07517,112failed  2,1263,9602,0562,515 
Hibernate5,93111,54312,3472,118  2,8982,1401,9942,896 
OpenJPA4,5536,6728,021   1,3372,1771,2731,572 
ObjectDB     501,320    120,967

Performance comparison chart - The Y-Axis represents normalized score in logarithmic scale - higher is better:
JPA performance benchmark comparision Hibernate, EclipseLink, OpenJPA, DataNucleus, ObjectDB

Performance comparison chart - The Y-Axis represents normalized score in linear scale - higher is better:
JPA performance benchmark comparision Hibernate, EclipseLink, OpenJPA, DataNucleus, ObjectDB

Best and Worst JPA/Database Performer in this comparison

The Most Efficient (the Fastest):

1. ObjectDB embedded100
2. ObjectDB server24.1
3. EclipseLink with H2 embedded7.0
4. DataNucleus with H2 embedded3.7
5. EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded3.4
6. Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded2.5
7. Hibernate with H2 embedded2.3
8. EclipseLink with Derby embedded1.7
9. OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded1.6
10. DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded1.5
11. DataNucleus with Derby embedded1.5
12. OpenJPA with H2 embedded1.3
13. Hibernate with Derby embedded1.2
14. OpenJPA with Derby embedded0.91
15. EclipseLink with H2 server0.79
16. DataNucleus with H2 server0.60
17. Hibernate with Derby server0.58

The Least Efficient (the Slowest):

18. Hibernate with PostgreSQL server0.58
19. EclipseLink with PostgreSQL server0.50
20. DataNucleus with MySQL server0.47
21. OpenJPA with H2 server0.43
22. Hibernate with H2 server0.43
23. EclipseLink with Derby server0.42
24. Hibernate with SQLite embedded0.42
25. DataNucleus with Derby server0.41
26. EclipseLink with MySQL server0.41
27. Hibernate with MySQL server0.40
28. OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server0.31
29. OpenJPA with Derby server0.27
30. OpenJPA with MySQL server0.25
31. DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server0.20
32. DataNucleus with DB4O embedded0.0000
33. EclipseLink with SQLite embedded0.0000

Problems (Exceptions) in these tests

  • EclipseLink with SQLite embedded
    Local Exception Stack: 
Exception [EclipseLink-4002] (Eclipse Persistence Services - 2.1.1.v20100817-r8050): org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.DatabaseException
Internal Exception: java.sql.SQLException: no such function: MOD
Error Code: 0
Call: SELECT ID, CHANGECOUNT, CHILD1_ID, CHILD2_ID FROM NODE WHERE ((MOD(ID, ?) = ?) AND (ID >= ?))
	bind => [100, 1, 62798]
Query: ReadAllQuery(referenceClass=Node sql="SELECT ID, CHANGECOUNT, CHILD1_ID, CHILD2_ID FROM NODE WHERE ((MOD(ID, ?) = ?) AND (ID >= ?))")
	at org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.DatabaseException.sqlException(DatabaseException.java:333)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.databaseaccess.DatabaseAccessor.basicExecuteCall(DatabaseAccessor.java:683)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.databaseaccess.DatabaseAccessor.executeCall(DatabaseAccessor.java:526)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.sessions.server.ServerSession.executeCall(ServerSession.java:529)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.sessions.IsolatedClientSession.executeCall(IsolatedClientSession.java:133)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.queries.DatasourceCallQueryMechanism.executeCall(DatasourceCallQueryMechanism.java:206)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.queries.DatasourceCallQueryMechanism.executeCall(DatasourceCallQueryMechanism.java:192)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.queries.DatasourceCallQueryMechanism.executeSelectCall(DatasourceCallQueryMechanism.java:263)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.queries.DatasourceCallQueryMechanism.selectAllRows(DatasourceCallQueryMechanism.java:644)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.queries.ExpressionQueryMechanism.selectAllRowsFromTable(ExpressionQueryMechanism.java:2537)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.queries.ExpressionQueryMechanism.selectAllRows(ExpressionQueryMechanism.java:2496)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.queries.ReadAllQuery.executeObjectLevelReadQuery(ReadAllQuery.java:407)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.queries.ObjectLevelReadQuery.executeDatabaseQuery(ObjectLevelReadQuery.java:1074)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.queries.DatabaseQuery.execute(DatabaseQuery.java:736)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.queries.ObjectLevelReadQuery.execute(ObjectLevelReadQuery.java:1034)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.queries.ReadAllQuery.execute(ReadAllQuery.java:380)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.queries.ObjectLevelReadQuery.executeInUnitOfWork(ObjectLevelReadQuery.java:1112)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.sessions.UnitOfWorkImpl.internalExecuteQuery(UnitOfWorkImpl.java:2909)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.sessions.AbstractSession.executeQuery(AbstractSession.java:1291)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.sessions.AbstractSession.executeQuery(AbstractSession.java:1273)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.sessions.AbstractSession.executeQuery(AbstractSession.java:1247)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.EJBQueryImpl.executeReadQuery(EJBQueryImpl.java:479)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.EJBQueryImpl.getResultList(EJBQueryImpl.java:714)
	at org.jpab.node.NodeTest.retireveEntities(NodeTest.java:130)
	at org.jpab.Test.doAction(Test.java:251)
	at org.jpab.Runner$UpdateAction.run0(Runner.java:574)
	at org.jpab.Runner$TestAction.run(Runner.java:517)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: no such function: MOD
	at org.sqlite.DB.throwex(DB.java:288)
	at org.sqlite.NestedDB.prepare(NestedDB.java:115)
	at org.sqlite.DB.prepare(DB.java:114)
	at org.sqlite.PrepStmt.(PrepStmt.java:37)
	at org.sqlite.Conn.prepareStatement(Conn.java:224)
	at org.sqlite.Conn.prepareStatement(Conn.java:217)
	at org.sqlite.Conn.prepareStatement(Conn.java:206)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.databaseaccess.DatabaseAccessor.prepareStatement(DatabaseAccessor.java:1401)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.databaseaccess.DatabaseAccessor.prepareStatement(DatabaseAccessor.java:1350)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.databaseaccess.DatabaseCall.prepareStatement(DatabaseCall.java:652)
	at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.databaseaccess.DatabaseAccessor.basicExecuteCall(DatabaseAccessor.java:576)
	... 26 more
  • DataNucleus with DB4O embedded
    javax.persistence.PersistenceException: Object "org.jpab.node.Node@8135daf" being inserted has id "130003" yet an object with this id already exists in the datastore!
	at org.datanucleus.api.jpa.NucleusJPAHelper.getJPAExceptionForNucleusException(NucleusJPAHelper.java:302)
	at org.datanucleus.api.jpa.JPAEntityTransaction.commit(JPAEntityTransaction.java:122)
	at org.jpab.Test.persist(Test.java:217)
	at org.jpab.Test.persist(Test.java:200)
	at org.jpab.Runner$PersistAction.run0(Runner.java:538)
	at org.jpab.Runner$TestAction.run(Runner.java:517)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
Caused by: org.datanucleus.exceptions.NucleusUserException: Object "org.jpab.node.Node@8135daf" being inserted has id "130003" yet an object with this id already exists in the datastore!
	at org.datanucleus.store.db4o.DB4OPersistenceHandler.insertObject(DB4OPersistenceHandler.java:140)
	at org.datanucleus.state.JDOStateManager.internalMakePersistent(JDOStateManager.java:2371)
	at org.datanucleus.state.JDOStateManager.flush(JDOStateManager.java:3803)
	at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.flushInternalWithOrdering(ObjectManagerImpl.java:3854)
	at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.flushInternal(ObjectManagerImpl.java:3755)
	at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.flush(ObjectManagerImpl.java:3701)
	at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.preCommit(ObjectManagerImpl.java:4084)
	at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl$2.transactionPreCommit(ObjectManagerImpl.java:398)
	at org.datanucleus.TransactionImpl.internalPreCommit(TransactionImpl.java:370)
	at org.datanucleus.TransactionImpl.commit(TransactionImpl.java:259)
	at org.datanucleus.api.jpa.JPAEntityTransaction.commit(JPAEntityTransaction.java:103)
	... 5 more