• Benchmark
• Results
• Comparison

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of DataNucleus with Derby server vs Hibernate with H2 embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby server	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus Derby server	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus Derby server	Hibernate H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	2.8	18.1	2.3	9.0	2.6	13.5
Element Collection Test	0.71	13.0	0.35	6.8	0.53	9.9
Inheritance Test	2.7	21.0	2.0	9.4	2.3	15.2
Indexing Test	4.5	29.9	4.0	18.4	4.3	24.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.62	17.2	0.53	20.1	0.57	18.7
Multithreading Test	4.9	36.9	3.4	11.5	4.1	24.2
All Tests	2.7	22.6	2.1	12.5	2.4	17.6

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with Derby server in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby database server (2.4) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (17.6) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 7.3 times faster than DataNucleus with Derby server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby database server (0.53) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (20.1) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 37.9 times faster than DataNucleus with Derby server.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby server	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus Derby server	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus Derby server	Hibernate H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.56	16.6	6.3	13.3	3.4	15.0
Element Collection Test	0.36	4.3	0.93	4.0	0.64	4.1
Inheritance Test	0.45	10.4	6.8	17.5	3.6	13.9
Indexing Test	0.50	10.8	7.1	15.2	3.8	13.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.22	2.5	6.6	4.0	3.4	3.3
Multithreading Test	1.2	16.2	10.0	15.7	5.6	15.9
All Tests	0.55	10.1	6.3	11.6	3.4	10.9

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with Derby server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby database server (3.4) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (10.9) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 3.2 times faster than DataNucleus with Derby server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby database server (0.56) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (16.6) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 29.6 times faster than DataNucleus with Derby server.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby server	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus Derby server	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus Derby server	Hibernate H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	37.7	4.5	3.6	1.2	20.7	2.8
Element Collection Test	25.9	4.4	1.4	1.4	13.6	2.9
Inheritance Test	6.5	3.1	1.8	1.5	4.2	2.3
Indexing Test	0.030	6.6	4.9	10.5	2.5	8.6
Multithreading Test	failed	1.2	failed	0.59	failed	0.89
All Tests	17.5	4.0	2.9	3.0	10.2	3.5

DataNucleus with Derby server has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with Derby server is more efficient than Hibernate with H2 embedded in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (3.5) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby database server (10.2) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with Derby server is 2.9 times faster than Hibernate with H2 embedded.

A large performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (4.5) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby database server (37.7) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with Derby server is 8.4 times faster than Hibernate with H2 embedded.

On the other hand, DataNucleus with Derby server is slower, for instance, when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby database server (0.030) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (6.6) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with Derby server is 220 times slower than Hibernate with H2 embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby server	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus Derby server	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus Derby server	Hibernate H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	1.1	12.1	0.85	6.5	0.99	9.3
Element Collection Test	0.81	7.4	0.62	5.3	0.71	6.3
Inheritance Test	1.2	10.8	1.3	8.5	1.2	9.6
Indexing Test	1.2	10.0	1.5	7.5	1.3	8.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.29	4.4	0.41	2.3	0.35	3.4
Multithreading Test	failed	16.2	failed	4.0	failed	10.1
All Tests	0.93	10.1	0.92	5.7	0.92	7.9

DataNucleus with Derby server has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with Derby server in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby database server (0.92) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (7.9) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 8.6 times faster than DataNucleus with Derby server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby database server (0.29) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (4.4) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 15.2 times faster than DataNucleus with Derby server.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby server	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus Derby server	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus Derby server	Hibernate H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	1.3	19.7	1.3	11.4	1.3	15.5
Element Collection Test	0.61	6.9	0.33	4.5	0.47	5.7
Inheritance Test	1.0	15.6	1.3	12.9	1.2	14.2
Indexing Test	2.3	23.2	1.9	12.4	2.1	17.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.26	4.0	0.46	4.2	0.36	4.1
Multithreading Test	failed	27.4	failed	22.7	failed	25.0
All Tests	1.1	16.1	1.1	11.4	1.1	13.7

DataNucleus with Derby server has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with Derby server in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby database server (1.1) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (13.7) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 12.5 times faster than DataNucleus with Derby server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby database server (1.0) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (15.6) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 15.6 times faster than DataNucleus with Derby server.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby server	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus Derby server	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus Derby server	Hibernate H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	8.7	14.2	2.9	8.3	5.8	11.2
Element Collection Test	5.7	7.2	0.72	4.4	3.2	5.8
Inheritance Test	2.4	12.2	2.6	9.9	2.5	11.0
Indexing Test	1.7	16.1	3.9	12.8	2.8	14.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.35	7.0	2.0	7.7	1.2	7.3
Multithreading Test	3.0	19.6	6.7	10.9	4.9	15.2
All Tests	3.8	12.9	2.8	9.0	3.3	11.0

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with Derby server in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby database server (3.3) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (11.0) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 3.3 times faster than DataNucleus with Derby server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby database server (0.35) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (7.0) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 20.0 times faster than DataNucleus with Derby server.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.