• Benchmark
• Results
• Comparison

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of Hibernate with H2 embedded vs DataNucleus with DB4O embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	18.1	0.059	9.0	1.3	13.5	0.69
Element Collection Test	13.0	0.045	6.8	1.0	9.9	0.52
Inheritance Test	21.0	0.051	9.4	0.85	15.2	0.45
Indexing Test	29.9	0.080	18.4	2.3	24.1	1.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	17.2	failed	20.1	failed	18.7	failed
Multithreading Test	36.9	failed	11.5	failed	24.2	failed
All Tests	22.6	0.059	12.5	1.4	17.6	0.71

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.71) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (17.6) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 24.8 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.051) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (21.0) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 412 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	16.6	0.0047	13.3	1.8	15.0	0.90
Element Collection Test	4.3	0.0038	4.0	1.5	4.1	0.77
Inheritance Test	10.4	0.0035	17.5	2.2	13.9	1.1
Indexing Test	10.8	0.0043	15.2	1.8	13.0	0.89
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.5	failed	4.0	failed	3.3	failed
Multithreading Test	16.2	failed	15.7	failed	15.9	failed
All Tests	10.1	0.0041	11.6	1.8	10.9	0.91

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.91) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (10.9) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 12.0 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.0047) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (16.6) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 3,532 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	4.5	failed	1.2	failed	2.8	failed
Element Collection Test	4.4	failed	1.4	failed	2.9	failed
Inheritance Test	3.1	failed	1.5	failed	2.3	failed
Indexing Test	6.6	failed	10.5	failed	8.6	failed
Multithreading Test	1.2	failed	0.59	failed	0.89	failed
All Tests	4.0	failed	3.0	failed	3.5	failed

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 10 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	12.1	0.012	6.5	0.76	9.3	0.39
Element Collection Test	7.4	0.012	5.3	1.1	6.3	0.53
Inheritance Test	10.8	0.011	8.5	0.81	9.6	0.41
Indexing Test	10.0	0.011	7.5	1.3	8.8	0.64
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	4.4	failed	2.3	failed	3.4	failed
Multithreading Test	16.2	failed	4.0	failed	10.1	failed
All Tests	10.1	0.012	5.7	0.97	7.9	0.49

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.49) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (7.9) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 16.1 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.012) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (12.1) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 1,008 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	19.7	0.011	11.4	1.5	15.5	0.74
Element Collection Test	6.9	0.010	4.5	1.6	5.7	0.80
Inheritance Test	15.6	0.0093	12.9	1.1	14.2	0.57
Indexing Test	23.2	0.017	12.4	2.1	17.8	1.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	4.0	failed	4.2	failed	4.1	failed
Multithreading Test	27.4	failed	22.7	failed	25.0	failed
All Tests	16.1	0.012	11.4	1.6	13.7	0.79

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.79) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (13.7) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 17.3 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (19.7) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 1,791 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	27.0	35.1	27.0	35.4	27.0	35.2
Element Collection Test	30.6	29.5	30.6	29.9	30.6	29.7
Inheritance Test	27.0	33.4	27.0	33.5	27.0	33.4
Indexing Test	31.6	41.0	32.1	41.9	31.9	41.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	28.5	failed	21.4	failed	25.0	failed
Multithreading Test	33.9	failed	9.2	failed	21.5	failed
All Tests	29.8	34.8	24.6	35.2	27.2	35.0

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with DB4O embedded is slightly more efficient than Hibernate with H2 embedded in using disk space.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	14.2	0.022	8.3	1.3	11.2	0.68
Element Collection Test	7.2	0.018	4.4	1.3	5.8	0.66
Inheritance Test	12.2	0.019	9.9	1.2	11.0	0.63
Indexing Test	16.1	0.028	12.8	1.9	14.5	0.94
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	7.0	failed	7.7	failed	7.3	failed
Multithreading Test	19.6	failed	10.9	failed	15.2	failed
All Tests	12.9	0.022	9.0	1.4	11.0	0.73

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.73) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (11.0) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 15.1 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.022) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (14.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 645 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.