• Benchmark
• Results
• Comparison

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of Hibernate with H2 embedded vs EclipseLink with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	18.1	0.074	9.0	0.90	13.5	0.49
Element Collection Test	13.0	0.061	6.8	0.65	9.9	0.36
Inheritance Test	21.0	0.083	9.4	0.82	15.2	0.45
Indexing Test	29.9	0.11	18.4	1.6	24.1	0.87
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	17.2	0.24	20.1	0.91	18.7	0.57
Multithreading Test	36.9	0.10	11.5	2.1	24.2	1.1
All Tests	22.6	0.11	12.5	1.2	17.6	0.64

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.64) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (17.6) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 27.5 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.10) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (36.9) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 369 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	16.6	failed	13.3	failed	15.0	failed
Element Collection Test	4.3	0.0007	4.0	failed	4.1	0.0007
Inheritance Test	10.4	failed	17.5	failed	13.9	failed
Indexing Test	10.8	failed	15.2	failed	13.0	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.5	failed	4.0	failed	3.3	failed
Multithreading Test	16.2	failed	15.7	failed	15.9	failed
All Tests	10.1	0.0007	11.6	failed	10.9	0.0007

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	4.5	1.2	1.2	failed	2.8	1.2
Element Collection Test	4.4	0.29	1.4	failed	2.9	0.29
Inheritance Test	3.1	0.69	1.5	failed	2.3	0.69
Indexing Test	6.6	0.0008	10.5	failed	8.6	0.0008
Multithreading Test	1.2	failed	0.59	failed	0.89	failed
All Tests	4.0	0.55	3.0	failed	3.5	0.55

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 6 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	12.1	failed	6.5	failed	9.3	failed
Element Collection Test	7.4	0.0016	5.3	failed	6.3	0.0016
Inheritance Test	10.8	failed	8.5	failed	9.6	failed
Indexing Test	10.0	failed	7.5	failed	8.8	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	4.4	failed	2.3	failed	3.4	failed
Multithreading Test	16.2	failed	4.0	failed	10.1	failed
All Tests	10.1	0.0016	5.7	failed	7.9	0.0016

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	19.7	failed	11.4	failed	15.5	failed
Element Collection Test	6.9	0.0006	4.5	failed	5.7	0.0006
Inheritance Test	15.6	failed	12.9	failed	14.2	failed
Indexing Test	23.2	failed	12.4	failed	17.8	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	4.0	failed	4.2	failed	4.1	failed
Multithreading Test	27.4	failed	22.7	failed	25.0	failed
All Tests	16.1	0.0006	11.4	failed	13.7	0.0006

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	27.0	79.4	27.0	79.4	27.0	79.4
Element Collection Test	30.6	74.5	30.6	74.5	30.6	74.5
Inheritance Test	27.0	75.0	27.0	75.0	27.0	75.0
Indexing Test	31.6	92.9	32.1	94.5	31.9	93.7
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	28.5	60.6	21.4	48.4	25.0	54.5
Multithreading Test	33.9	100	9.2	100	21.5	100
All Tests	29.8	80.4	24.6	78.6	27.2	79.5

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with SQLite embedded is more efficient than Hibernate with H2 embedded in using disk space. Comparing the normalized score of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (27.2) to the normalized score of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (79.5) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with SQLite embedded is 2.9 times more efficient than Hibernate with H2 embedded.

A huge gap has been detected when using multithreading with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized score of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (9.2) to the normalized score of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (100) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with SQLite embedded is 10.9 times more efficient than Hibernate with H2 embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	EclipseLink SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	14.2	0.66	8.3	0.90	11.2	0.74
Element Collection Test	7.2	0.070	4.4	0.65	5.8	0.17
Inheritance Test	12.2	0.38	9.9	0.82	11.0	0.53
Indexing Test	16.1	0.058	12.8	1.6	14.5	0.58
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	7.0	0.24	7.7	0.91	7.3	0.57
Multithreading Test	19.6	0.10	10.9	2.1	15.2	1.1
All Tests	12.9	0.22	9.0	1.2	11.0	0.52

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.52) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (11.0) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 21.2 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.058) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (16.1) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 278 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.