Comparison of OpenJPA with MySQL server vs DataNucleus with H2 embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	3.9	19.2	1.6	8.0	2.7	13.6
Element Collection Test	1.6	6.6	0.68	2.8	1.1	4.7
Inheritance Test	3.6	15.6	1.4	4.4	2.5	10.0
Indexing Test	5.6	24.4	2.4	11.8	4.0	18.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.68	9.2	0.57	6.2	0.63	7.7
Multithreading Test	7.2	34.9	2.7	7.1	4.9	21.0
All Tests	3.7	18.3	1.5	6.7	2.6	12.5

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than OpenJPA with MySQL server in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (2.6) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (12.5) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 4.8 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (0.68) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (9.2) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 13.5 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	3.2	13.2	22.7	13.5	12.9	13.3
Element Collection Test	0.0038	6.4	2.9	8.9	1.4	7.7
Inheritance Test	0.017	12.2	6.9	12.7	3.4	12.4
Indexing Test	2.4	8.1	23.4	16.5	12.9	12.3
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.27	10.6	0.35	20.9	0.31	15.8
Multithreading Test	0.14	13.3	18.1	9.9	9.1	11.6
All Tests	1.0	10.6	12.4	13.7	6.7	12.2

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with MySQL server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (0.0038) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (6.4) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 1,684 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	9.3	4.7	2.2	1.4	5.8	3.1
Element Collection Test	4.8	5.0	1.1	2.4	2.9	3.7
Inheritance Test	1.5	3.8	0.90	1.6	1.2	2.7
Indexing Test	0.31	0.0041	2.1	1.8	1.2	0.91
Multithreading Test	1.9	1.2	0.99	0.79	1.4	1.0
All Tests	3.6	3.0	1.5	1.6	2.5	2.3

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with MySQL server is slightly more efficient than DataNucleus with H2 embedded in executing the tested JPA queries.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (0.0041) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (0.31) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with MySQL server is 75.6 times faster than DataNucleus with H2 embedded.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with MySQL server is slower, for instance, when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (1.5) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (3.8) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with MySQL server is 2.5 times slower than DataNucleus with H2 embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.74	10.0	1.6	3.9	1.2	6.9
Element Collection Test	0.014	7.6	1.7	3.9	0.87	5.8
Inheritance Test	0.048	9.4	2.0	4.4	1.0	6.9
Indexing Test	0.74	10.6	3.0	5.9	1.9	8.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.45	5.9	0.25	3.7	0.35	4.8
Multithreading Test	0.55	failed	2.9	failed	1.7	failed
All Tests	0.42	8.7	1.9	4.4	1.2	6.5

DataNucleus with H2 embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than OpenJPA with MySQL server in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (1.2) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (6.5) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 5.4 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (0.014) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (7.6) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 543 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.98	4.2	1.7	1.3	1.4	2.8
Element Collection Test	0.0099	4.9	0.65	1.6	0.33	3.2
Inheritance Test	0.033	4.0	1.5	1.3	0.75	2.7
Indexing Test	0.64	7.5	2.0	1.9	1.3	4.7
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.41	5.6	0.43	4.1	0.42	4.8
Multithreading Test	0.27	failed	2.9	failed	1.6	failed
All Tests	0.39	5.2	1.5	2.0	0.96	3.6

DataNucleus with H2 embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than OpenJPA with MySQL server in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (0.96) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (3.6) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 3.8 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (0.0099) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (4.9) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 495 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	3.6	10.3	6.0	5.6	4.8	7.9
Element Collection Test	1.3	6.1	1.4	3.9	1.3	5.0
Inheritance Test	1.0	9.0	2.5	4.9	1.8	6.9
Indexing Test	1.9	10.1	6.6	7.6	4.3	8.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.45	7.8	0.40	8.7	0.43	8.3
Multithreading Test	2.0	16.5	5.5	5.9	3.8	11.2
All Tests	1.8	9.6	3.9	6.0	2.8	7.8

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with MySQL server in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (2.8) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (7.8) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 2.8 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with large transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (0.40) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (8.7) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 21.7 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)