Comparison of DataNucleus with H2 embedded vs Hibernate with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	19.2	0.083	8.0	1.0	13.6	0.55
Element Collection Test	6.6	0.067	2.8	0.69	4.7	0.38
Inheritance Test	15.6	0.080	4.4	0.99	10.0	0.54
Indexing Test	24.4	0.098	11.8	1.0	18.1	0.55
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	9.2	0.27	6.2	0.96	7.7	0.61
Multithreading Test	34.9	failed	7.1	failed	21.0	failed
All Tests	18.3	0.12	6.7	0.93	12.5	0.53

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.53) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (12.5) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 23.6 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.098) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (24.4) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 249 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	13.2	1.8	13.5	1.3	13.3	1.5
Element Collection Test	6.4	0.0008	8.9	failed	7.7	0.0008
Inheritance Test	12.2	2.4	12.7	1.4	12.4	1.9
Indexing Test	8.1	1.9	16.5	2.3	12.3	2.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	10.6	0.56	20.9	0.88	15.8	0.72
Multithreading Test	13.3	failed	9.9	failed	11.6	failed
All Tests	10.6	1.3	13.7	1.5	12.2	1.4

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.4) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (12.2) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 8.7 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0008) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (6.4) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 8,000 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	4.7	1.1	1.4	0.22	3.1	0.65
Element Collection Test	5.0	0.39	2.4	failed	3.7	0.39
Inheritance Test	3.8	0.53	1.6	0.28	2.7	0.40
Indexing Test	0.0041	0.0011	1.8	0.43	0.91	0.21
Multithreading Test	1.2	failed	0.79	failed	1.0	failed
All Tests	3.0	0.50	1.6	0.31	2.3	0.42

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.42) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (2.3) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 5.5 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.39) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (5.0) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 12.8 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	10.0	0.076	3.9	0.65	6.9	0.37
Element Collection Test	7.6	0.0022	3.9	failed	5.8	0.0022
Inheritance Test	9.4	0.079	4.4	0.97	6.9	0.53
Indexing Test	10.6	0.057	5.9	0.54	8.2	0.30
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	5.9	0.26	3.7	0.42	4.8	0.34
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	8.7	0.094	4.4	0.65	6.5	0.34

DataNucleus with H2 embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions). Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.34) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (6.5) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 19.1 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0022) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (7.6) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 3,455 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	4.2	0.061	1.3	0.91	2.8	0.49
Element Collection Test	4.9	0.0007	1.6	failed	3.2	0.0007
Inheritance Test	4.0	0.058	1.3	0.90	2.7	0.48
Indexing Test	7.5	0.079	1.9	0.54	4.7	0.31
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	5.6	0.24	4.1	0.80	4.8	0.52
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	5.2	0.088	2.0	0.79	3.6	0.40

DataNucleus with H2 embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions). Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.40) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (3.6) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 9.0 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0007) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (4.9) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 7,000 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	27.0	90.2	27.0	90.2	27.0	90.2
Element Collection Test	22.4	82.0	22.4	82.0	22.4	82.0
Inheritance Test	27.0	80.5	27.0	80.5	27.0	80.5
Indexing Test	31.6	93.4	32.1	94.8	31.9	94.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	20.0	67.9	15.0	50.9	17.5	59.4
Multithreading Test	33.9	failed	9.2	failed	21.5	failed
All Tests	27.0	82.8	22.1	79.7	24.6	81.2

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with SQLite embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with H2 embedded in using disk space. Comparing the normalized score of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (24.6) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (81.2) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 3.3 times more efficient than DataNucleus with H2 embedded.

A large gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized score of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (22.4) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (82.0) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 3.7 times more efficient than DataNucleus with H2 embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	10.3	0.63	5.6	0.81	7.9	0.72
Element Collection Test	6.1	0.092	3.9	0.69	5.0	0.19
Inheritance Test	9.0	0.63	4.9	0.91	6.9	0.77
Indexing Test	10.1	0.42	7.6	0.96	8.9	0.69
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	7.8	0.33	8.7	0.77	8.3	0.55
Multithreading Test	16.5	failed	5.9	failed	11.2	failed
All Tests	9.6	0.42	6.0	0.86	7.8	0.62

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.62) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (7.8) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 12.6 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.092) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (6.1) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is 66.3 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)