Comparison of OpenJPA with MySQL server vs Hibernate with Derby embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA MySQL server	Hibernate Derby embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	Hibernate Derby embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	Hibernate Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	3.9	5.9	1.6	3.8	2.7	4.9
Element Collection Test	1.6	2.9	0.68	1.8	1.1	2.3
Inheritance Test	3.6	5.3	1.4	3.7	2.5	4.5
Indexing Test	5.6	7.0	2.4	4.8	4.0	5.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.68	1.9	0.57	1.7	0.63	1.8
Multithreading Test	7.2	10.5	2.7	3.7	4.9	7.1
All Tests	3.7	5.6	1.5	3.3	2.6	4.4

The results above show that in general Hibernate with Derby embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with MySQL server in persisting JPA entity objects to the database.

A large performance gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (0.57) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (1.7) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 3.0 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA MySQL server	Hibernate Derby embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	Hibernate Derby embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	Hibernate Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	3.2	14.2	22.7	16.4	12.9	15.3
Element Collection Test	0.0038	4.4	2.9	4.9	1.4	4.6
Inheritance Test	0.017	10.3	6.9	18.6	3.4	14.4
Indexing Test	2.4	10.0	23.4	16.4	12.9	13.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.27	2.6	0.35	3.0	0.31	2.8
Multithreading Test	0.14	19.3	18.1	19.3	9.1	19.3
All Tests	1.0	10.1	12.4	13.1	6.7	11.6

The results above show that in general Hibernate with Derby embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with MySQL server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (0.0038) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (4.4) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 1,158 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA MySQL server	Hibernate Derby embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	Hibernate Derby embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	Hibernate Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	9.3	49.3	2.2	6.8	5.8	28.1
Element Collection Test	4.8	37.6	1.1	2.7	2.9	20.1
Inheritance Test	1.5	24.1	0.90	7.6	1.2	15.9
Indexing Test	0.31	5.3	2.1	14.8	1.2	10.1
Multithreading Test	1.9	39.7	0.99	6.1	1.4	22.9
All Tests	3.6	31.2	1.5	7.6	2.5	19.4

The results above show that in general Hibernate with Derby embedded is much more efficient than OpenJPA with MySQL server in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (2.5) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (19.4) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 7.8 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (1.9) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (39.7) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 20.9 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA MySQL server	Hibernate Derby embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	Hibernate Derby embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	Hibernate Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	0.74	4.5	1.6	3.2	1.2	3.8
Element Collection Test	0.014	3.9	1.7	3.1	0.87	3.5
Inheritance Test	0.048	4.6	2.0	4.5	1.0	4.5
Indexing Test	0.74	4.6	3.0	5.5	1.9	5.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.45	2.7	0.25	1.2	0.35	2.0
Multithreading Test	0.55	11.6	2.9	2.6	1.7	7.1
All Tests	0.42	5.3	1.9	3.3	1.2	4.3

The results above show that in general Hibernate with Derby embedded is much more efficient than OpenJPA with MySQL server in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (1.2) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (4.3) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 3.6 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (0.014) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (3.9) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 279 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA MySQL server	Hibernate Derby embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	Hibernate Derby embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	Hibernate Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	0.98	3.8	1.7	4.2	1.4	4.0
Element Collection Test	0.0099	2.3	0.65	1.5	0.33	1.9
Inheritance Test	0.033	4.0	1.5	4.3	0.75	4.2
Indexing Test	0.64	5.5	2.0	3.6	1.3	4.6
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.41	0.74	0.43	0.96	0.42	0.85
Multithreading Test	0.27	5.6	2.9	4.9	1.6	5.3
All Tests	0.39	3.7	1.5	3.3	0.96	3.5

The results above show that in general Hibernate with Derby embedded is much more efficient than OpenJPA with MySQL server in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (0.96) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (3.5) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 3.6 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (0.0099) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (2.3) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 232 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA MySQL server	Hibernate Derby embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	Hibernate Derby embedded	OpenJPA MySQL server	Hibernate Derby embedded
Basic Person Test	3.6	15.5	6.0	6.9	4.8	11.2
Element Collection Test	1.3	10.2	1.4	2.8	1.3	6.5
Inheritance Test	1.0	9.7	2.5	7.7	1.8	8.7
Indexing Test	1.9	6.5	6.6	9.0	4.3	7.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.45	2.0	0.40	1.7	0.43	1.8
Multithreading Test	2.0	17.3	5.5	7.3	3.8	12.3
All Tests	1.8	10.5	3.9	6.1	2.8	8.3

The results above show that in general Hibernate with Derby embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with MySQL server in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (2.8) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (8.3) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 3.0 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

A large performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (1.0) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (9.7) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 9.7 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)