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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of Hibernate with Derby embedded vs DataNucleus with DB4O embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	5.9	0.059	3.8	1.3	4.9	0.69
Element Collection Test	2.9	0.045	1.8	1.0	2.3	0.52
Inheritance Test	5.3	0.051	3.7	0.85	4.5	0.45
Indexing Test	7.0	0.080	4.8	2.3	5.9	1.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.9	failed	1.7	failed	1.8	failed
Multithreading Test	10.5	failed	3.7	failed	7.1	failed
All Tests	5.6	0.059	3.3	1.4	4.4	0.71

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.71) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (4.4) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 6.2 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.051) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (5.3) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 104 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	14.2	0.0047	16.4	1.8	15.3	0.90
Element Collection Test	4.4	0.0038	4.9	1.5	4.6	0.77
Inheritance Test	10.3	0.0035	18.6	2.2	14.4	1.1
Indexing Test	10.0	0.0043	16.4	1.8	13.2	0.89
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.6	failed	3.0	failed	2.8	failed
Multithreading Test	19.3	failed	19.3	failed	19.3	failed
All Tests	10.1	0.0041	13.1	1.8	11.6	0.91

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.91) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (11.6) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 12.7 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.0047) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (14.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 3,021 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	49.3	failed	6.8	failed	28.1	failed
Element Collection Test	37.6	failed	2.7	failed	20.1	failed
Inheritance Test	24.1	failed	7.6	failed	15.9	failed
Indexing Test	5.3	failed	14.8	failed	10.1	failed
Multithreading Test	39.7	failed	6.1	failed	22.9	failed
All Tests	31.2	failed	7.6	failed	19.4	failed

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 10 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	4.5	0.012	3.2	0.76	3.8	0.39
Element Collection Test	3.9	0.012	3.1	1.1	3.5	0.53
Inheritance Test	4.6	0.011	4.5	0.81	4.5	0.41
Indexing Test	4.6	0.011	5.5	1.3	5.1	0.64
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.7	failed	1.2	failed	2.0	failed
Multithreading Test	11.6	failed	2.6	failed	7.1	failed
All Tests	5.3	0.012	3.3	0.97	4.3	0.49

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.49) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (4.3) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 8.8 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (4.6) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 418 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	3.8	0.011	4.2	1.5	4.0	0.74
Element Collection Test	2.3	0.010	1.5	1.6	1.9	0.80
Inheritance Test	4.0	0.0093	4.3	1.1	4.2	0.57
Indexing Test	5.5	0.017	3.6	2.1	4.6	1.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.74	failed	0.96	failed	0.85	failed
Multithreading Test	5.6	failed	4.9	failed	5.3	failed
All Tests	3.7	0.012	3.3	1.6	3.5	0.79

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.79) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (3.5) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 4.4 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.0093) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (4.0) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 430 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	52.7	35.1	52.7	35.4	52.7	35.2
Element Collection Test	42.3	29.5	42.3	29.9	42.3	29.7
Inheritance Test	49.2	33.4	49.2	33.5	49.2	33.4
Indexing Test	53.0	41.0	53.9	41.9	53.4	41.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	13.1	failed	9.8	failed	11.5	failed
Multithreading Test	49.3	failed	8.8	failed	29.0	failed
All Tests	43.3	34.8	36.1	35.2	39.7	35.0

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with Derby embedded is slightly more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in using disk space.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	Hibernate Derby embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	15.5	0.022	6.9	1.3	11.2	0.68
Element Collection Test	10.2	0.018	2.8	1.3	6.5	0.66
Inheritance Test	9.7	0.019	7.7	1.2	8.7	0.63
Indexing Test	6.5	0.028	9.0	1.9	7.8	0.94
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.0	failed	1.7	failed	1.8	failed
Multithreading Test	17.3	failed	7.3	failed	12.3	failed
All Tests	10.5	0.022	6.1	1.4	8.3	0.73

The results above show that in general Hibernate with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.73) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (8.3) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 11.4 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.022) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (15.5) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 705 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

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